Inclusion and exclusion criteria
We established inclusion criteria based on definition of HyperCKemia by European Federation of Neurological Societies [10]and the upper limit of the hospital (200IU/L); and established exclusion criteria based on distribution and elimination regularity of CK[11].
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) muscle symptoms (EMR including keywords), (2) CK value increased over 1.5 times the upper limit or 5 times the baseline.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) CK increased within 48 hours after surgery, (2) CK baseline absent or abnormal, (3) patients with fatal trauma, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular accident.
Rhabdomyolysis (serious DAMAR) criteria: CK increased over 1000 IU/L[2].
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale: use Naranjo ADR probability scale to determine causality of drug and ADR, cases with scores ≥ 1 were included in positive group [12].