Conclusion
Cranial nerve stimulation and neuromodulation techniques represent a
promising frontier in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These
innovative approaches have the potential to address the limitations of
current pharmacological and surgical therapies, providing more targeted,
less invasive, and better-tolerated options for patients with this
debilitating disorder. This review has highlighted the latest
advancements in non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques, their
underlying principles, devices, protocols, and the clinical evidence
supporting their safety and efficacy.
The translation of these novel techniques into clinical practice
requires a concerted effort to address the challenges and future
directions discussed in this review. These include understanding the
mechanisms of action, developing personalized treatment strategies,
exploring combination therapies, creating user-friendly and
cost-effective devices, and generating long-term follow-up and
real-world evidence. By overcoming these obstacles and building on the
current evidence base, cranial nerve stimulation and neuromodulation
techniques hold great promise for transforming PD management and
improving the quality of life for millions of patients affected by this
devastating disorder.
Ultimately, the success of these innovative approaches in the clinical
setting will depend on the collaborative efforts of researchers,
clinicians, industry partners, and patient advocates. Through
multidisciplinary research and close cooperation among stakeholders, the
field of cranial nerve stimulation and neuromodulation for PD treatment
can continue to advance and evolve, paving the way for a brighter future
for patients and their families.