Determinants of Severity due to Covid-19 Among Young AdultsMairembam Stelin Singh1, Tanya Singh2, Mairaj Ahmed Ansari3, Sailu Yellaboina4*1 Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi , India2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas3 Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India4 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 508126, India* Lead contact* Corresponding author: Dr. Sailu Yellaboina:sailu.bio@aiimsbibinagar.edu.inAbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease affecting people of all ages, races, and countries, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The disease has been shown to be more lethal in select individuals with existing comorbidities and inflammation. Although the disease occurs in people of all ages, a milder course has been observed in pediatric patients. Evidence suggests that the burden of COVID-19 infection is lower in hospitalized children than in their adult counterparts. To date, there are few reports describing the factors responsible for acute COVID-19 severity in young adults and their differences in the elderly. In this work, we aimed to review the factors responsible for determining the most severe cases with chronic clinical manifestations by evaluating their clinical presentations to close the gap and provide a potential basis to address this relationship between severity and age. The lower severity in young adults could be due to a variety of reasons, ranging from immunologic factors to genetic composition. Our work helps classify some of these factors, which appear to play a role in a small number of critical cases. The characteristic ability of the younger human body to fight this deadly disease may be a striking feature when trying to manage patients belonging to the older age group.SettingAll settings, including hospitalized and community settings.PatientsChildren and young people (CYP) under 20 years of age with PCR and other laboratory tests COVID -19 affected patients. Main results: Prevalence of symptoms and signs of COVID -19.PurposeThere are limited data on the demographics and clinical features of SAR -CoV-2 infection in children. Therefore, with this literature review, we aim to uncover various factors responsible for the different severities in pediatric patients. This will help us to better understand COVID -19 in different age groups.Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, young adults, Pediatric, severity, age.MethodsReferences for this review article were obtained by searching PubMed, NCBI, EClinicalMedicine from lancet using relevant terms related to 2019-nCoV, COVID -19, and SARS-CoV2 in neonates and children. Previous articles were not considered, and only articles published in English were considered. A range of datasets was considered to provide an analysis of severity and different symptoms in different age groups.
Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the study selection process. A total of 76 review articles and 25 databases were read in the initial stages of study. After removing duplicates, 58 reviews and 20 datasets were further screened which resulted in a total of 40 reviews and 14 datasets. One study investigating infant cases was excluded because the patient profile was extracted from an unreliable source with incomplete parameters. Considering repeated calculations and missing data, it was found best to not include this study in the pooled data. In our search, we found 7 case series related to pediatric COVID-19 for a quantitative analysis and 28 review papers for detailed qualitative perspective.
Outcome measures- The prevalence of symptoms and associated severity are distributed between adults and children.