Study, year, country, (study name), population type
Number per arm
Intervention type & duration of intervention
Food sensitization measure used
Food sensitisation outcomes
Food allergy (FA) outcome measure used
Food allergy (FA) outcomes
Horimukai et al 2014, Japan28 Study period: Nov 2010 - Nov 2013 High risk infants n = 118 Intervention = 59 control = 59 Emulsion-type moisturizer (2e [Douhet] emulsion) Within 7 days of birth to 32 weeks or until eczema onset
sIgE to egg white and ovomucoid at 32 weeks
Egg white: Intervention = 42%, control = 45% Ovomucoid: Intervention = 19%, control = 6.8%
NA
NA
Dissanayake et al 2019, Japan38 Study period: Oct 2012 to Mar 2014 Normal risk infants n = 275 Intervention = 138 control = 120 Ceramide-based emollient 2-3x/day on cheeks, peri-oral area or any other parts of the body Birth to 6 months
sIgE to egg white, milk and ovomucoid at 9 months
Egg or milk: Intervention = 60.5%, Control = 46.1%
Parent questionnaire at 1 year
Egg or milk: Intervention = 11% control = 13%
Lowe et al, 2017, Australia (PEBBLES pilot)33 Study period: May 2013 - July 2014 High risk infants n = 80 Intervention = 41 Control = 39 Ceramide-dominant tri-lipid moisturizer (Epiceram) 2x/day for at least 3 days per week Within first 3 weeks of life to 6 months
SPT to egg, milk, peanut at 6months and 12months
Egg, milk or peanut (6mth) Intervention = 12.8% control = 22.9% Egg, milk or peanut (12mth) Intervention = 8.8% control = 19.4% Egg (6mth) Intervention = 10.3% control = 17.1% Egg (12mth): Intervention = 5.9% control = 16.7%
NA
NA
Chalmers et al 2020, United Kingdom (BEEP)31 Study period: Nov 2014 - Nov 2016 High-risk infants
n = 1394 Intervention = 693 Control = 701
Petrolatum-based emollients applied at least 3-4 times per week to most of the child’s body (at least two of face and neck, arms and legs, or trunk) Birth to 1 year
SPT to milk, egg and peanut at 2 years
Egg, milk, or peanut: Intervention = 12%, control = 9% Egg: Intervention = 9%, control = 7%
Oral food challenge to milk, egg and peanut at 2 years
Egg, milk or peanut: Intervention = 7%, control = 5% Egg: Intervention = 6%, control = 4%
Bradshaw et al, United Kingdom (BEEP 5 year follow up)40 Study period: Nov 2017 – Nov 2021 High-risk infants n = 976 Intervention = 467 Control = 509 (completed qnn at 5 yr) Petrolatum-based emollients applied at least 3-4 times per week to most of the child’s body (at least two of face and neck, arms and legs, or trunk) Birth to 1 year
NA
NA
Parental report of clinical diagnosis of FA at 3, 4, 5 years
Intervention: 3 years = 9% 4 years = 6% 5 years = 4% Ever FA = 15% Control: 3 years = 5% 4 years = 3% 5 years = 3% Ever FA = 14%
Skjerven et al 2022, Norway / Sweden (PreventADALL 3 year follow up)32 Study period: April 2015 – April 2017 Normal risk infants n = 2397 (total) Skin intervention = 575 Food intervention = 642, Combined (skin + food) = 583 Controls = 596 Skin intervention: Application of paraffin-based cream and emulsified oil baths to face for at least 3-5 days per week for at least 16 weeks of the full 25 weeks Before 4 weeks of age, for 25 weeks
Skin prick test
Skin intervention group: Any food = 2.2% Peanut 2.0% Milk 0.1% Wheat 0.3% Egg 0.6% No skin intervention group: Any food = 2.4% Peanut 1.6% Milk 0.1% Wheat 0.2% Egg 0.8% Parental interview +/- skin prick test Skin intervention group: Any food = 2.1% Peanut 1.6% Milk 0.1% Wheat 0% Egg 0.5% No skin intervention group: Any food = 1.6% Peanut 1.1% Milk 0.2% Wheat 0% Egg 0.5%
Chaoimh et al 2022 United Kingdom (STOP-AD)35 Study period: Apr 2019 – Nov 2020 High risk infants n= 321 Intervention = 161 Control = 160 Ceramides, oat, fatty acid containing moisturizer twice daily to whole body excluding scalp for first 8 weeks Birth to 2 months
Skin prick test
Intervention = 3.3% Control = 3.6%
NA
NA
Inuzuka et al 2023 Japan (PAF)41 Study period: August 2020 – September 2021 High-risk infants n= 60 Intervention A = 20 Intervention B = 20 Active control = 20 Intervention A: Emulsion-type moisturizer (Fam’s baby) twice daily Intervention B: Emulsion-type moisturizer (Fam’s baby) once daily Active control: Emulsion-type moisturizer (2e [Douhet] emulsion) Within 7 days of birth to 32 weeks or until eczema onset
sIgE to egg white, ovomucoid, milk, wheat, soy, peanut.
All intervention groups† egg white (median) =0.0 UA/ml, ovomucoid(median) =0.0 UA/ml, milk(median) =0.0 UA/ml, wheat (median) =0.0 UA/ml, soy(median) =0.0 UA/ml, peanut. (median)=0.0 UA/ml
Parental interview
Any food allergy† Intervention A= 0% Intervention B= 5% Active control C= 0%
Yamamoto-Hanada et al 2023, Japan55 Study period: Jul 2017 – Feb 2021 (PACI) Infants with early-onset eczema at 7-13 weeks of age n = 640 Intervention = 318 Control = 322 Enhanced early skin treatment (modified proactive treatment) or conventional reactive treatment using topical corticosteroids From 7-13 weeks til 28 weeks of age
sIgE to egg white, ovomucoid, milk, wheat, soy, peanut. Ara h 2 at 28 weeks of age
Egg white: Intervention = 44.9%, control =52.9% Ovomucoid: Intervention = 7.6%, control =10.1% Milk: Intervention = 14.6 Control = 14.2% Wheat: Intervention = 6.1% Control = 4.7% Soy: Intervention = 3.5% Control = 2.2% Peanut: Intervention = 1.0% Control = 2.5% Ara h 2: Intervention = 0.0% Control = 0.0% Oral food challenge for egg allergy Food allergy diagnosis during intervention (doctor’s interview) Egg allergy Intervention = 31.4% Control = 41.9% Food allergy diagnosis during intervention Intervention = 1.57% Control = 1.55%