Horimukai et al 2014, Japan28
Study period: Nov 2010 - Nov 2013
High risk infants
|
n = 118
Intervention = 59 control = 59
|
Emulsion-type
moisturizer (2e [Douhet] emulsion)
Within 7 days of birth to 32 weeks or until eczema onset
|
sIgE to egg white and ovomucoid at 32 weeks
|
Egg white:
Intervention = 42%, control = 45%
Ovomucoid:
Intervention = 19%, control = 6.8%
|
NA
|
NA
|
Dissanayake et al 2019, Japan38
Study period: Oct 2012 to Mar 2014
Normal risk infants
|
n = 275
Intervention = 138 control = 120
|
Ceramide-based emollient 2-3x/day on cheeks, peri-oral area or any other
parts of the body
Birth to 6 months
|
sIgE to egg white, milk and ovomucoid at 9 months
|
Egg or milk:
Intervention = 60.5%, Control = 46.1%
|
Parent questionnaire at 1 year
|
Egg or milk:
Intervention = 11%
control = 13%
|
Lowe et al, 2017, Australia
(PEBBLES pilot)33 Study period: May 2013 - July 2014
High risk infants
|
n = 80
Intervention = 41 Control = 39
|
Ceramide-dominant tri-lipid moisturizer (Epiceram) 2x/day for at least 3
days per week
Within first 3 weeks of life to 6 months
|
SPT to egg, milk, peanut at 6months and 12months
|
Egg, milk or peanut (6mth)
Intervention = 12.8%
control = 22.9%
Egg, milk or peanut (12mth)
Intervention = 8.8%
control = 19.4%
Egg (6mth)
Intervention = 10.3%
control = 17.1%
Egg (12mth):
Intervention = 5.9%
control = 16.7%
|
NA
|
NA
|
Chalmers et al 2020, United Kingdom (BEEP)31
Study period: Nov 2014 - Nov 2016
High-risk infants
|
n = 1394 Intervention = 693 Control = 701
|
Petrolatum-based emollients applied at least 3-4 times per week to most
of the child’s body (at least two of face and neck, arms and legs, or
trunk)
Birth to 1 year
|
SPT to milk, egg and peanut at 2 years
|
Egg, milk, or peanut:
Intervention = 12%, control = 9%
Egg:
Intervention = 9%, control = 7%
|
Oral food challenge to milk, egg and peanut at 2 years
|
Egg, milk or peanut: Intervention = 7%, control = 5%
Egg:
Intervention = 6%, control = 4%
|
Bradshaw et al,
United Kingdom
(BEEP 5 year follow up)40
Study period: Nov 2017 – Nov 2021
High-risk infants
|
n = 976
Intervention = 467
Control = 509 (completed qnn at 5 yr)
|
Petrolatum-based emollients applied at least 3-4 times per week to most
of the child’s body (at least two of face and neck, arms and legs, or
trunk)
Birth to 1 year
|
NA
|
NA
|
Parental report of clinical diagnosis of FA at 3, 4, 5 years
|
Intervention:
3 years = 9%
4 years = 6%
5 years = 4%
Ever FA = 15%
Control:
3 years = 5%
4 years = 3%
5 years = 3%
Ever FA = 14%
|
Skjerven et al 2022, Norway / Sweden (PreventADALL 3 year follow
up)32
Study period: April 2015 – April 2017
Normal risk infants
|
n = 2397 (total)
Skin intervention = 575
Food intervention = 642,
Combined (skin + food) = 583
Controls = 596
|
Skin intervention: Application of paraffin-based cream and emulsified
oil baths to face for at least 3-5 days per week for at least 16 weeks
of the full 25 weeks
Before 4 weeks of age, for 25 weeks
|
Skin prick test
|
Skin intervention group:
Any food = 2.2%
Peanut 2.0%
Milk 0.1%
Wheat 0.3%
Egg 0.6%
No skin intervention group:
Any food = 2.4%
Peanut 1.6%
Milk 0.1%
Wheat 0.2%
Egg 0.8%
|
Parental interview
+/- skin prick test
|
Skin intervention group:
Any food = 2.1%
Peanut 1.6%
Milk 0.1%
Wheat 0%
Egg 0.5%
No skin intervention group:
Any food = 1.6%
Peanut 1.1%
Milk 0.2%
Wheat 0%
Egg 0.5%
|
Chaoimh et al 2022
United Kingdom
(STOP-AD)35
Study period: Apr 2019 – Nov 2020
High risk infants
|
n= 321
Intervention = 161
Control = 160
|
Ceramides, oat, fatty acid containing moisturizer twice daily to whole
body excluding scalp for first 8 weeks
Birth to 2 months
|
Skin prick test
|
Intervention = 3.3%
Control = 3.6%
|
NA
|
NA
|
Inuzuka et al 2023
Japan
(PAF)41
Study period: August 2020 – September 2021
High-risk infants
|
n= 60
Intervention A = 20
Intervention B = 20
Active control = 20
|
Intervention A: Emulsion-type moisturizer (Fam’s baby) twice daily
Intervention B: Emulsion-type moisturizer (Fam’s baby) once daily
Active control: Emulsion-type moisturizer (2e [Douhet] emulsion)
Within 7 days of birth to 32 weeks or until eczema onset
|
sIgE to egg white, ovomucoid, milk, wheat, soy, peanut.
|
All intervention groups†
egg white (median) =0.0 UA/ml, ovomucoid(median) =0.0 UA/ml,
milk(median) =0.0 UA/ml, wheat (median) =0.0 UA/ml, soy(median) =0.0
UA/ml, peanut. (median)=0.0 UA/ml
|
Parental interview
|
Any food allergy†
Intervention A= 0%
Intervention B= 5%
Active control C= 0%
|
Yamamoto-Hanada et al 2023, Japan55
Study period: Jul 2017 – Feb 2021
(PACI)
Infants with early-onset eczema at 7-13 weeks of age
|
n = 640
Intervention = 318 Control = 322
|
Enhanced early skin treatment (modified proactive treatment) or
conventional reactive treatment using topical corticosteroids
From 7-13 weeks til 28 weeks of age
|
sIgE to egg white, ovomucoid, milk, wheat, soy, peanut. Ara h 2 at 28
weeks of age
|
Egg white:
Intervention = 44.9%, control =52.9%
Ovomucoid:
Intervention = 7.6%, control =10.1%
Milk:
Intervention = 14.6
Control = 14.2%
Wheat:
Intervention = 6.1%
Control = 4.7%
Soy:
Intervention = 3.5%
Control = 2.2%
Peanut:
Intervention = 1.0%
Control = 2.5%
Ara h 2:
Intervention = 0.0%
Control = 0.0%
|
Oral food challenge for egg allergy
Food allergy diagnosis during intervention (doctor’s interview)
|
Egg allergy
Intervention = 31.4%
Control = 41.9%
Food allergy diagnosis during intervention
Intervention = 1.57%
Control = 1.55%
|