Figure 1. Using TEM, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and fluorescence probe to monitor the KE assembly process promoted by CMD. (A) TEM images demonstrated the fibrillation process of KE (100 μ M) when incubated with CMD (1 μ M). (B) Time-dependent CD spectra for monitoring the conformational switching of KE from α -helix to β -strand upon adding CMD. (C) Time-dependent fluorescence spectra for monitoring the assembly of KE into β -sheets promoted by different contents of CMD.