HBV |
Hepatitis B virus |
HBV-HCC |
HBV-related Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Tregs |
Regulatory T cells |
nTregs |
Natural regulatory T-cells |
iTregs |
Induced regulatory T cells |
Tconvs |
Conventional T cells |
AHB |
Acute hepatitis B |
CHB |
Chronic hepatitis B |
IT |
Immune-tolerant |
ALT |
Alanine aminotransferase |
CTLA-4 |
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 |
APC |
Antigen-presenting cell |
DCs |
Dendritic cells |
IDO |
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase |
Teffs |
Effector T cells |
PD-1 |
Programmed death-1 |
LAG-3 |
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 |
TIGIT |
T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM
domain |
TIM-3 |
T-cell immunoglobulin-3 |
Gal-9 |
Galectin-9 |
HMGB1 |
High-mobility group protein B1 |
PtdSer |
Phosphatidylserine |
CEACAM-1 |
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule
1 |
EVs |
Extracellular vesicles |
HBsAg |
HBV surface antigen |
IFN-γ |
Interferon-γ |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor-α |
HC |
Healthy control |
HBeAg |
Hepatitis B envelope antigen |
IL |
Interleukin |
TGFβ1 |
Transforming growth factor-β1 |
CTLs |
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
HSCs |
Hepatic stellate cells |
Id3 |
DNA-binding 3 |
pDC |
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells |
5-aza-CdR |
5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine |
ACLF |
Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure |
MELD |
Model for end-stage liver disease |
ASC |
Asymptomatic HBV carrier |
NAs |
Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs |
PEG-IFN |
Pegylated interferon |
TR |
Therapeutic response |
LF |
Liver fibrosis |
hAMSC |
Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells |
LC |
Liver cirrhosis |
NK |
Natural killer cell |
mTGF-β |
Membrane-bound TGF-β |
KC |
Kupffer cells |
TREM-1 |
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 |
TAM |
Tumor-associated macrophages |
MDSC |
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells |
PVR |
Poliovirus receptor |
ICIs |
Immune checkpoint inhibitors |
HIF1α |
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α |