Nanoparticle Type Objective Size Dose Administered Experimental System Notable Results Reference
Graphene-Oxide Derived Magnetic Plasmonic Nanoplatforms Exploit the high sensitivity of high plasmon-coupling nanoplatforms to develop a more effective diagnostic that can distinguish between AD biomarkers (i.e., tau fibrils and amyloid-β proteins) and whole blood serum Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified The graphene-oxide derived magnetic plasmonic nanoplatforms are capable of identifying tau fibril and amyloid-β concentrations, as low was 500 fg/mL. Additionally, the synthesized nanoplatforms had significantly higher detection limits when compared to conventional enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISA) 122
Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 encapsulated with methylene blue (inhibitor of tau aggregation) and functionalized with defluorinated MK6240 and DMK6240 Formulate an advanced drug delivery system that increases the bioavailability of methylene blue, improves hyperphosphorylated tau targeting, enhances magnetic resonance imaging, mitigates neuronal death, and ameliorates AD-related symptoms 190-240 nm 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 µg/mL SH-SY5Y cells Encapsulating methylene blue within the magnetic-derived nanoparticle facilitated its permeations across the BBB and enhanced its bioaccumulation in target tissue. Furthermore, the synthesized NPs were able to effectively target hyperphosphorylated tau, facilitate neuronal stability, decrease inflammation and damage to hippocampal regions. In vivo studies with AD rats that the conjugated NPs improved memory and cognition. 123
Magnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles coated with PEG-b-AGE and conjugated with anti-amyloid-β and anti-tau antibodies Synthesize a nanoparticulate system that offers more sensitive detection of tau and amyloid-β proteins by limiting nonspecific interactions with increased efficacy than conventional systems 100-130 nm 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 10 µg/mL CSF samples collected by lumbar punctures and whole blood serum samples collected through veins The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a 90% improved specificity and a 95% improved sensitivity to amyloid-β and tau biomarkers than conventional magnetic micron beads, Dynabeads 124