Nanoparticle Type Objective Size Dose Administered Experimental System Notable Results References
Curcumin-loaded liposomes functionalized with NGF, CL, and WGA
Synthesize a more effective curcumin-delivery system to decrease phosphorylated tau levels and alleviate AD symptoms
130-145 nm
0.8-1.0 mg/mL
In vitro: SK-N-MC cells In vivo: Wistar rats
The synthesized liposomes significantly downregulated the expression of phosphorylated p38 proteins, phosphorylated tau protein levels, and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Furthermore, the liposomes demonstrated excellent efficacy in improving BBB penetration, decreasing amyloid-β accumulation, and preventing neurodegeneration.
107
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) encapsulated with nicotinamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor
Design an interventional system to ameliorate AD symptoms by inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation and determine which functionalization (polysorbate 80, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid) was most effective.
Polysorbate-80 functionalized nicotinamide-loaded SLNs: 112 nm Phosphatidylserine-functionalized nicotinamide-loaded SLNs: 124 nm Phosphatidic acid functionalized nicotinamide-loaded SLNs: 137 nm
15, 30, 60 mg/kg
In vitro: SH-SY5Y cells
In vitro studies confirmed the biocompatibility of the phosphatidyl-serine and phosphatidic acid functionalized nicotinamide-loaded SLNs. Biodistribution studies showed that the synthesized SLNs improved brain delivery of nicotinamide. Furthermore, Morris water maze tests and memory examinations supported that the synthesized SLNs enhanced cognition, cultivated normal neuronal cell functionalities, and inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation.
106
Apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) functionalized liposomes Create a nanostructure that is capable of effectively permeating the BBB and enhancing amyloid-β and tau clearance Not Specified 5 mg/kg In vivo: SAMP8 mice Detailed studies indicated that the synthesized nanostructures could travel across the BBB, stimulate amyloid-β and tau degradation, facilitate microgliosis, reverse AD-induced neurologic changes, and restore memory capabilities in AD mouse models. 110
Liposomal nanoparticles encapsulated with tannic acid and coated with Tween-80 Synthesize a liposomal nanoparticulate system focused on inhibiting tau aggregation for applications in AD treatment Not Specified Not Specified In vitro: SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell line and bEnd.3 mouse-derived microvascular brain endothelial cells Extensive in vitro studies indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles could effectively traverse the BBB and decrease tau aggregation induced tau peptide R3 fibrils 111