[Table 5]
The ecosystem vigor varied remarkably on both sides of the Hu Line, of which the west was weaker (Fig 6a). The regions with higher vigor were mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces, eastern Henan Province, western Hubei and Hunan Provinces, western Fujian, northern and western Guangxi and northwestern Guangdong Province (Fig 6a). Moreover, the values of vigor increased over time, with Yunnan and Sichuan provinces showing significant performance (Fig S6). However, areas with higher ecosystem organization values were mainly located in west of the Hu Line, while the eastern coastal cities exhibited weaker ecosystem organization levels (Fig 6b, Fig S7). Meanwhile, organization did not change distinctly over time (Fig S8). Some cities behaved high ecosystem resilience values above 0.82, mainly in provinces located in the northeast and south of the study area, such as Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, and Guangdong, etc. However, cities in the center and west presented weaker ecosystem resilience (Fig 6c). In addition, the spatial distribution of EHI was similar to vigor (Fig 6a, 6d). According to Fig 6d, ecosystem health values were higher in southern and northeastern China, followed by the central region, and lower in the western region.