An international multicenter cross-sectional HVPG cohort
The enrollment criteria: (1) age above or equal to 18-year-old; (2) fulfilled diagnosis of liver cirrhosis based on LSM, radiological, histological or clinical features; (3) without prior or current decompensating events (e.g., ascites, variceal bleeding, or overt encephalopathy); and (4) with HVPG measurement. The exclusion criteria: (1) received either non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) or endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding; (2) lactation or pregnancy; (3) suspicious or confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); (4) asplenia or splenectomy; (5) incomplete clinical information.
Liver stiffness was detected by Fibroscan® (Echosens, Pairs, France). Liver stiffness was performed as per the manufacturer’s instructions. The final result must be in accordance with the criteria reported in the previous study.15,16 HVPG was performed with standard balloon catheter technique by experienced interventional specialists.17