The primary outcome in two longitudinal follow-up cohorts
In the international multicenter longitudinal follow-up cohort and
longitudinal carvedilol-treating cohort, the primary outcome was the
development of the first hepatic decompensation. To minimize reporting
bias, we only include objective endpoints such as clinically significant
ascites, variceal bleeding documented by endoscopy, and hepatic
encephalopathy defined as West-Haven grade 3-4 determined by
specialists.