References
1. Cheng TO. Percutaneous transfemoral venous cardiac pacing. A simple and practical method. Chest 1971;60:73-8.
2. Harrigan RA, Chan TC, Moonblatt S, Vilke GM, Ufberg JW. Temporary transvenous pacemaker placement in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Med 2007;32:105-11.
3. Gammage MD. Temporary cardiac pacing. Heart 2000;83:715-20.
4. Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2019;140:e333-e381.
5. Tjong FVY, de Ruijter UW, Beurskens NEG, Knops RE. A comprehensive scoping review on transvenous temporary pacing therapy. Neth Heart J 2019;27:462-473.
6. Suarez K, Banchs JE. A Review of Temporary Permanent Pacemakers and a Comparison with Conventional Temporary Pacemakers. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2019;10:3652-3661.
7. McCann P. A review of temporary cardiac pacing wires. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2007;7:40-9.
8. de Cock CC, Van Campen CM, In’t Veld JA, Visser CA. Utility and safety of prolonged temporary transvenous pacing using an active-fixation lead: comparison with a conventional lead. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003;26:1245-8.
9. Metkus TS, Schulman SP, Marine JE, Eid SM. Complications and Outcomes of Temporary Transvenous Pacing: An Analysis of > 360,000 Patients From the National Inpatient Sample. Chest 2019;155:749-757.
10. Ng ACC, Lau JK, Chow V, Adikari D, Brieger D, Kritharides L. Outcomes of 4838 patients requiring temporary transvenous cardiac pacing: A statewide cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2018;271:98-104.
11. Braun MU, Rauwolf T, Bock M et al. Percutaneous lead implantation connected to an external device in stimulation-dependent patients with systemic infection–a prospective and controlled study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006;29:875-9.
12. Detsky ME, Harhay MO, Bayard DF et al. Six-Month Morbidity and Mortality among Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Life-Sustaining Therapy. A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017;14:1562-1570.
13. Murphy JJ. Current practice and complications of temporary transvenous cardiac pacing. BMJ 1996;312:1134.
14. Hermans G, Van Aerde N, Meersseman P et al. Five-year mortality and morbidity impact of prolonged versus brief ICU stay: a propensity score matched cohort study. Thorax 2019;74:1037-1045.
15. Kim DY, Lee MH, Lee SY, Yang BR, Kim HA. Survival rates following medical intensive care unit admission from 2003 to 2013: An observational study based on a representative population-based sample cohort of Korean patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e17090.
16. Moitra VK, Guerra C, Linde-Zwirble WT, Wunsch H. Relationship Between ICU Length of Stay and Long-Term Mortality for Elderly ICU Survivors. Crit Care Med 2016;44:655-62.
17. DiSario JA. Future considerations in aspiration pneumonia in the critically ill patient: what is not known, areas for future research, and experimental methods. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002;26:S75-8; discussion S79.
18. Mitchell BG, Ferguson JK, Anderson M, Sear J, Barnett A. Length of stay and mortality associated with healthcare-associated urinary tract infections: a multi-state model. J Hosp Infect 2016;93:92-9.
19. Marik PE, Vasu T, Hirani A, Pachinburavan M. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the new millennium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2010;38:2222-8.
20. Wollschlager CM, Conrad AR, Khan FA. Common complications in critically ill patients. Dis Mon 1988;34:221-93.
21. Paton F, Chambers D, Wilson P et al. Initiatives to reduce length of stay in acute hospital settings: a rapid synthesis of evidence relating to enhanced recovery programmes. Southampton (UK), 2014.
22. Jackson JC, Girard TD, Gordon SM et al. Long-term cognitive and psychological outcomes in the awakening and breathing controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;182:183-91.
23. Orsbourn G, Lever N, Harding SA. Use of tunnelled active fixation leads allows reliable temporary pacing over prolonged periods. Intern Med J 2008;38:735-8.
24. Kornberger A, Schmid E, Kalender G et al. Bridge to recovery or permanent system implantation: an eight-year single-center experience in transvenous semipermanent pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013;36:1096-103.
25. Arias-Fernandez P, Romero-Martin M, Gomez-Salgado J, Fernandez-Garcia D. Rehabilitation and early mobilization in the critical patient: systematic review. J Phys Ther Sci 2018;30:1193-1201.
26. Lang JK, Paykel MS, Haines KJ, Hodgson CL. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Early Mobilization in the ICU: A Systematic Review. Crit Care Med 2020;48:e1121-e1128.
27. Merrer J, De Jonghe B, Golliot F et al. Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001;286:700-7.
28. Lau BD, Murphy P, Nastasi AJ et al. Effectiveness of ambulation to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital: a systematic review. CMAJ Open 2020;8:E832-E843.
29. Garcia Guerrero JJ, Fernandez de la Concha Castaneda J, Lopez Quero D et al. Lower incidence of venous thrombosis with temporary active-fixation lead implantation in mobile patients. Europace 2010;12:1604-7.
30. Drug UFa. Class 2 Device Recall Medtronic, Temporary Pacing Lead System. 2016.
31. Maisel WH, Hauser RG, Hammill SC et al. Recommendations from the Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on Lead Performance Policies and Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). Heart Rhythm 2009;6:869-85.