Discussion
In our study cohort, patients with temporary permanent pacemakers had better clinical and safety outcomes compared to patients with balloon-tipped temporary pacemakers (central illustration) . Temporary permanent pacemakers were associated with a decreased risk of complications, including lead dislodgment and loss of capture, venous thromboembolism, and access site hematoma and infection. This reduced incidence of such complications was not affected by age, gender, and the indication for temporary pacing. Ambulation and temporary pacing outside the intensive care unit were only possible in the TPPM group. Additionally, our data also demonstrates safety of monitoring such patients outside of ICU setting.