Acknowledgments

This work is a collaborative effort from the Global Carbon Project Second REgional Carbon Cycle and Processes study (RECCAP2) and contributes to the Arctic Methane and Permafrost Challenge (AMPAC). JR and GH acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme to the Nunataryuk project (no. 773421) and support from the AMPAC-Net project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA). JR received additional funding from the Swedish Academy of Science (Formas) under the grant number FR-2021/0004. EJB has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 101003536 (ESM2025 - Earth System models for the Future) and from the Joint UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Work of MEM was supported by the Academy of Finland in the frame of the Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center (ACCC) (no. 337550). CV was supported by the Academy of Finland project MUFFIN (grant no. 332196). CB wishes to thank the Academy of Finland (project N-PERM - decision no. 341348, project NOCA - decision no. 314630 and the Yedoma-N project decision no. 287469) for financial support. AMV, BMR, SMN, JDW, and SP were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore foundation (grant #8414) and through funding catalyzed by the Audacious Project (Permafrost Pathways). MAK was supported by the NSF PRFB Program (Abstract # 2109429). TK acknowledges support through the project Palmod, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Grant No. 01LP1921A. JGC was funded by the Australian National Environmental Science Program (NESP2) - Climate Systems Hub. MIROC4-ACTM inversion activity is supported by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability phase II (ArCS-II; JPMXD1420318865) Projects of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF21S20800) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. ELB considers this study a contribution to GreenFeedBack (Greenhouse gas fluxes and earth system feedbacks) funded by the European Union’s HORIZON research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101056921. EAGS was funded by NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange (2019-2023) Grant#1931333.