3.3 | Climatic conditions
In PCA of climatic conditions in the 24 populations, PC1 and PC2
contributed to 52.5% and 20.4%, respectively, of variation among
populations (Figure 6a). The mean of daily-mean temperature in every
month increased as PC1 decreased, the precipitation from November to
February and the maximum snow depth from December to March increased as
both PC1 and PC2 increased, and the precipitation from April to
September increased as PC2 decreased (Figure 6a).
In the coordinates of PC1 and PC2, four Qch populations of the
genetic group of Qch were located in cold and snowy conditions
with PC1 > 5 (Figure 6b). Other four Qch populations
of the genetic group of Qch as well as four Qc and oneQch populations of the genetic group of Qc were located in
intermediate conditions with –1 < PC1 < 3 (Figure
6b). Nine Qc and two Qch populations of the genetic group
of Qc were located in warm conditions with PC1 < –1
(Figure 6b). The southernmost Qc populations 13C and 14C were
situated in rainy conditions in summer with PC2 < –6 (Figures
2, 6b).