2.5 Clinical Samples
We retrospectively reviewed a part of patients with paraquat poisoning (n = 18) at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and normal healthy volunteers (n = 22) at Shanghai General Hospital. Overall, the biochemical analysis of electrolytes and the blood creatinine levels previously recorded were analyzed. The concentrations of PQ in blood were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. All the studies were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital and Qilu Hospital.