2.7. Data presentation and statistical analysis
Briefly, all data were presented as fold-change against the concurrent control in each generation (Liu et al., 2020; Yue et al., 2021). The values in the concurrent control in each indicator were normalized to 1.0. Therefore, fold-change values lower than 1.0 indicate inhibition and those higher than 1.0 indicate stimulation. All data passed normality test and went through two-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test at α = 0.05 (p< 0.05) to determine significant differences among treatments (control and two concentrations) and among generations. Parallel analysis presented the individual data of each sample in each indicator with a purpose to check the changing patterns between indicators in corresponding samples. At the same time, the mean values that were calculated from the individual data of each sample went through Spearman’s rank correlation and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) to further analyze connections among the indicators (Yue et al., 2021).