Plant material
A total of 393 individuals were collected at five different sites (Ambon, Banda islands, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan) covering the geographic extent of the Moluccas archipelago from North to South (Figure 1). The Banda islands are a group of ten volcanic islands: we sampled four of them (hereafter “Banda” to refer to these sampling localities). Leaves of individuals were collected and stored in silica gel to dry rapidly for preservation until DNA extraction. Additional information were taken for the collecting sites: the name of the locality, geographic coordinates, and tree circumference. We refer to each island as a “population”, and the different collecting sites in these islands are referred to as “subpopulations” (for details on the number of subpopulations per population and the number of individuals per population see Supplementary Table S1).