at cpDNA loci
For cpDNA, we used the SNPs dataset obtained for the 94 individuals (90M. fragrans , 4 M. argentea ) to describe the geographic distribution of cpDNA genetic diversity. We estimated the haplotype number (H ), number of segregating sites (S), and nucleotide diversity (π) using DnaSP v.6.12.03 . To analyze the genetic variation among groups and populations, we assigned the populations on each island to two different regions: Ambon and Banda were considered as a Southern Moluccas group and Ternate, Tidore and Bacan as a Northern Moluccas group. We used a molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) approach in ARLEQUIN v.3.5 assessing significant differences with 1,000 permutations.