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\begin{document}

\title{Changing pattern of springtime biomass burning over Peninsular Southeast
Asia (PSEA) in recent decades}



\author[1]{Saginela Ravindra Babu}%
\author[1]{Neng-Huei Lin}%
\affil[1]{National Central University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 22, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The focus of this study is to present the recent changes in BB activity
over PSEA by considering decadal changes, 5-year ensemble mean analysis,
and long-term trends from twenty years (2001-2020) of Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fire counts. The
results revealed that overall springtime BB activity significantly
decreased over the past decade (2011-2020) compared to the previous
decade (2001-2010). Surprisingly, the individual monthly analysis
revealed that BB activity over PSEA decreased substantially in March,
whereas in April it increased significantly over the past decade (2011
to 2020). Further, 5-year ensemble means revealed, BB activity over
northern PSEA in March sharply increased during 2006--2010, and
moderately increased in 2011-2015 followed by a profound decrease in
2016-2020. Whereas, in April, the BB activity showed a pronounced
increase in the 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 periods over northern Laos
compared to the rest of PSEA. The observed changes in the BB activity
are strongly reflected in the BB aerosols and gases. The MERRA-2
reanalysis total surface mass concentration-PM\textsubscript{2.5}, BB
black carbon, and MOPITT satellite observed surface carbon monoxide (CO)
showed a significant decrease over northern PSEA in March and a strong
enhancement was evident over northern Laos in April.~ Finally, the trend
analysis in BB activity shows a significant increasing trend over Laos
and Cambodia, and a decreasing trend was found rest of the PSEA. These
findings have important implications for future BB management strategies
and regional climate in the PSEA region.%
\end{abstract}%



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