Inclusion Criteria Justification Exclusion Criteria Justification
Primary academic research. Most relevant research type to answer research question. Study protocols, case series, technical descriptions, conference abstracts and grey literature. Not primary research and unable to be graded using the MMAT criteria.
Qualitative research, quantitative research & mixed methods research. Critical to answering research question. Non-English language. Not relevant to the research question. Also, to refine article selection based on constraints of researcher capacity.
Peer reviewed research only. Quality assurance. Systematic reviews, scoping reviews and meta-analyses. Not suitable for MMAT criteria and based on preliminary literature review, all included research that was conducted outside of Australia which is outside of the scope of the research question.
All healthcare settings (primary & community care, aged care, allied health and hospital / tertiary). EMRs or their equivalent are applicable in all these settings and within the scope of the research question. Duplicate research. Eliminates double counting / overestimation of amount of research in the field, critical to addressing the research question.
Research conducted in Australia only between 2012 and 2022. Australia has a unique health system which may impact outcomes of EMR implementation. Given the background research highlighting most research is from the U.S, this criterion provides a point of differentiation for this research, addresses the research question, and provides a narrow enough scope for the researcher’s constraints. Research not directly related to outcomes of EMR implementation (e.g. for telehealth or mobile applications). Does not address the research question.