RBC: red blood cells, SPRI: solid phase reversible immobilization

Permits: Alert sample collection approved by Animal Care Committee at Université du Québec à Rimouski (CPA-61-15-163 and CPA-68-17-186), Utqiagvik sample collection approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Western Kentucky University (A3558-01), Mitivik Island sample collection approved by the Animal Care Committee at University of Windsor (AUPP-09-14), Svalbard sample collection approved by Norwegian Food Safety Authority (2014/38064-2 (FOTS ID 4701)), and Aleutian and Pribilof Islands sample collection approved by appropriate animal care permits at University of Alaska Museum.

Table 3: Microsatellite marker pairwiseF_ST values (below diagonal) and p values for Fisher’s exact test of population differentiation (above diagonal) for six snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis ) breeding populations. Bold indicates statistically significant differences after sequential Bonferroni correction at 5% level. See Table 2 for descriptions of population codes.