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\begin{document}

\title{Accumulated soil seed bank of the invasive sand dropseed ( Sporobolus
cryptandrus ) poses a challenge for its suppression.}



\author[1]{Péter TÖRÖK}%
\author[1]{Francis David ESPINOZA AMI}%
\author[1]{Katalin SZÉL-TÓTH}%
\author[1]{Patrícia DÍAZ CANDO}%
\author[1]{Luis Roberto GUALLICHICO SUNTAXI}%
\author[1]{Andrea MCINTOSH-BUDAY}%
\author[2]{Alida Anna HÁBENCZYUS}%
\author[1]{ Viktória TÖRŐ-SZIJGYÁRTÓ}%
\author[1]{Gergely KOVACSICS-VÁRI}%
\author[2]{Csaba TÖLGYESI}%
\author[1]{Béla TÓTHMÉRÉSZ}%
\author[1]{Judit SONKOLY}%
\affil[1]{Debreceni Egyetem}%
\affil[2]{Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Global warming, elevated atmospheric CO \textsubscript{2}
concentrations, and increased likeliness of extreme drought and
wildfires in many regions will likely favour C4 grass species. We
explored the effect of the encroachment of an invasive perennial C4
grass, \emph{Sporobolus cryptandrus} on the composition of soil seed
banks in dry sand grasslands in Central Europe. In five mass-locality
sites of the species we assessed the composition and vertical
segmentation of the soil seed bank in twelve 1-m \textsuperscript{2}
plots along an increasing cover of the invasive species. We found that
the seed bank diversity and density decrease with the increasing
sampling depth; the decrease of density is affected by the increasing
\emph{Sporobolus} cover. Neither the diversity nor the seed bank density
of other species were affected by increasing \emph{Sporobolus} cover
but, affected by the sampling site. Most of the studied seed bank
characteristics were affected by the sampling depth, but none of them
were affected by the increasing cover of \emph{Sporobolus}. Increasing
cover of \emph{Sporobolus} in the vegetation was associated with an
increasing proportion of \emph{Sporobolus} seeds in the seed bank, and
we found viable seeds of the species in the soil even in plots with no
\emph{Sporobolus} cover. Given that a decrease in the precipitation of
the summer months and an increase in the frequency of droughts is
projected in this region, we expect that the accumulated massive seed
bank of \emph{Sporobolus} will facilitate the further rapid spread of
the species.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`MS-Torok-et-al-Sporobolus-seed-banks-final.doc`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/642045/articles/656040-accumulated-soil-seed-bank-of-the-invasive-sand-dropseed-sporobolus-cryptandrus-poses-a-challenge-for-its-suppression}

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\end{document}

