4.2. Routing procedure of optimization.
In order to maximize the performance of the MRTOF-MS, it is crucial that the injection optics provide a well-focused beam. To this end, numerical simulations are employed to track the trajectories of ions from the preparation trap FLT into the MRTOF analyzer. While in the MRTOF system, there are numerous electrodes that can influence the ion motion, an automatic search algorithm can greatly assist in finding the optimal voltage configurations [17, 18]. It should be noted that the NMS algorithm is not an efficient solver for high-dimensional optimization. Arranging the variables into groups and iteratively searching within a realistic interval is a feasible and effective approach. The procedure is outlined graphically in Fig. 5. Eight variables, including three accelerators (AC), three drift tubes (DT), and two lenses in the MRTOF analyzer (Lens), are grouped according to the laws of electrostatic lenses, e.g., A1 + A2 + A3, A3 + DT1 + DT2 + DT3, DT3 + Left-Lens + Right-Lens, and other combinations like A2 + DT1 + Left-Lens + Right-Lens, or A3 + DT1 + DT3 + Left-Lens + Right-Lens. The voltage configurations are iteratively optimized until the feedback function value is satisfactory.