INTRODUCTION:
Vascular anomalies can be divided into two large groups of alterations
and the International Society for the Study of Vascular Abnormalities
(ISSVA) differentiates them according to their clinical course and
anatomical, histological and pathophysiological characteristics (1-3).
On one hand, vascular malformations, constitute a group of blood vessel
abnormalities generated by disorganized angiogenesis secondary to
mutations in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, are
present at birth and progress throughout life (arteriovenous fistulas,
spot port wine, nevus flammeus, among others) (3,4). On the other hand,
vascular tumors are generated by the abnormal proliferation of the
endothelium with aberrant architecture of the blood vessels, generating
masses that not only generate aesthetic problems but can also generate
functional disorders in fetuses and newborns (2,4).
Some alterations at the vascular level may be the result of the lack of
regression of some primitive vessels of the vascular system, as is the
case of the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), which
constitutes the most common thoracic venous variation and is generated
by the persistence of the left anterior cardinal vena cava which by the
eighth week of embryogenesis should become the left anterior cardinal
ligament (5–7). In isolated cases this alteration is considered a
benign condition with a low probability of aneuploidy, associated
abnormalities and adverse perinatal outcome, however some studies have
identified that its association with other alterations can increase
these events (5).