Result
Results from isolated mitochondria, cells with different permeabilization percentages, and cells with damaged mitochondria demonstrated the ability of capturing ATP signals specifically from the mitochondria. Breast cancer PBMCs exhibited a significant increase in glutamic acid- and malic acid-induced mitochondrial ATP synthesis capacity yet a significant decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) compared to healthy PBMCs. Furthermore, breast cancer PBMCs mostly showed negative correlation between mtDNA CN and parameters from MitoRAISE but healthy individuals showed positive correlation.