Peat Age

Bernard Maloney, from the Paleoecology Centre at Queen's University in Ireland, conducted several studies in the 1970s as part of his PhD thesis at Hill University. His research centered around investigating changes in climate and vegetation over the past 100,000 years, with several study sites located in the Toba highland peats.
One site, referred to as "Pea Bullock," is situated north of Siborong Borong and is approximately 1,400 meters above sea level. The current location of this site is untraceable, and local inhabitants do not recognize the "Pea Bullock" name. In the Batak language, "Pea" translates to swamp or pond, and it is surmised that the correct term could be "bulok". The closest probable location is Huta Gambut (2o 13’ 45”, 98o 58’ 35”), sitting at an elevation of 1,322 meters and about 2 kilometers north of Siborong Borong. This site is associated with the oldest date of 28,840 ± 460 years BP, recorded at a depth of 7.25 meters. Maloney hypothesized that this location could be an extinct volcanic crater.