Reduced Glutathione Measurement
GSH levels were measured using the method reported by Akerboom and Sies (Akerboom and Sies, 1981). This measurement method involves spectrophotometric measurement at 412 nm of the increase in 5-tio-2-nitrobenzoate (TNB) formation as a result of the reaction of DTNB, NADPH, and glutathione reductase. The absorbance change was monitored by UV-vis pectrophotometry at 412 nm for 15 min. The results were presented in nmol/mg protein.