Conclusion
Vaccines that cover HPV 16, 58, 52, 51, and 18 are likely to provide excellent protection against VaIN2+. The rate of multiple HPV infection in VaIN1 is not statistically different from that in VaIN2+. Cervical cancer screening has similar sensitivity for VaIN2+ as for CIN2+, with hr-HPV testing showing higher sensitivity than cytology, and cotesting showing the highest detection rate. However, in populations after hysterectomy, cytology and hr-HPV testing have similar sensitivity for detecting VaIN2+. During colposcopy, acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine should be applied to cover the entire vaginal mucosa and fornix, and attention should be paid to abnormal images in the vagina.