Conclusion
Despite reptiles and amphibians being recognised as two groups most
affected by roads due to road mortality and fragmentation, they tend to
be under-represented when it comes to mitigation as research and
mitigation has historically focused on large mammals that cause WVCs
with a higher cost to humans. This has resulted in a previous lack of
research on effectiveness and clear and consistent guidance on
mitigation for small animals. Wildlife fencing is one method of
mitigation that has proven to help reduce WVCs and can help maintain
connectivity when combined with safe wildlife crossings. Over the years
studies have helped informed best practice guidance and this paper has
provided a review of existing guidance, which has summarised recommended
materials, fencing heights, and any other considerations such as top
lips or anti-dig installation within the guidance. Based on recent
research, the existing guidelines and our own observations on mitigation
projects, we have provided recommendations for reptile and amphibian
fencing for various species groups and installations. Moving forward, we
believe there is still a great need for further research into the
effectiveness of small animal fencing. Each region may require local
fencing specifications based on the target species present and local
climate conditions that can affect materials differently. However, we
consider the recommendations in this paper to provide a global standard
for reptile and amphibian fencing that can be used as a starting point
while more specific research-based guidance is developed.