Conclusion
Despite reptiles and amphibians being recognised as two groups most affected by roads due to road mortality and fragmentation, they tend to be under-represented when it comes to mitigation as research and mitigation has historically focused on large mammals that cause WVCs with a higher cost to humans. This has resulted in a previous lack of research on effectiveness and clear and consistent guidance on mitigation for small animals. Wildlife fencing is one method of mitigation that has proven to help reduce WVCs and can help maintain connectivity when combined with safe wildlife crossings. Over the years studies have helped informed best practice guidance and this paper has provided a review of existing guidance, which has summarised recommended materials, fencing heights, and any other considerations such as top lips or anti-dig installation within the guidance. Based on recent research, the existing guidelines and our own observations on mitigation projects, we have provided recommendations for reptile and amphibian fencing for various species groups and installations. Moving forward, we believe there is still a great need for further research into the effectiveness of small animal fencing. Each region may require local fencing specifications based on the target species present and local climate conditions that can affect materials differently. However, we consider the recommendations in this paper to provide a global standard for reptile and amphibian fencing that can be used as a starting point while more specific research-based guidance is developed.