Results
Twelve publications were found in an online search of freely accessible best practice guidelines (Table 1 ). These guidelines are from a range of countries, with the exception of “Wildlife and Traffic: A European Handbook for Identifying Conflicts and Designing Solutions” which covers Europe as a whole. The earliest guideline was published in 2001 and the latest in 2022, with more frequent publications become available from 2015 onwards. There is also a mixture of how these guidelines recommend fencing for reptiles and amphibians (Table 2 ). Two guidelines (IENE and the Wildlife Institute of India) provide recommendations for reptiles and amphibians as a whole, without subsequently breaking them down into genus. Two guidelines provide recommendations for reptiles and amphibians as a whole and then provide extra information for frogs (Vic Roads) and for frogs and freshwater turtles (Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads). The Western Transport Institute, Montana State University provides the most comprehensive list of recommendations by detailing specifications for each genus rather than reptiles and amphibians as a whole.
Table 1. A summary of the general recommendations, materials, fence depth below ground and anti-dig and anti-cimb lip provided in the twelve best practice guidelines in this review.