Of the 12 best practice guidelines summarised in this review, a third of them (four) are published in the USA (Table 3 ). These guidelines are published by a mixture of government departments (environment or transport focused), as well as conservation or non-government organisations. Canada, Europe, Australia and the UK have two guidelines each that provide specific guidance for either herpetofauna in general or a specific genus. Two of these guidelines provide recommendations that target a specific species (Desert Tortoise (USFWS) and the Great Crested Newt (ARC)) (Table 3 ). The first best practice guidelines that begin to specifically address fencing requirements were published in 2001 by English Nature (now Natural England) and focused on the Great Crested Newt, with the remaining publications spanning until most recently in 2022 (IENE) (Table 3 ).
Table 3. Summary of best practice guidelines grouped by country