Of the 12 best practice guidelines summarised in this review, a third of
them (four) are published in the USA (Table 3 ). These guidelines
are published by a mixture of government departments (environment or
transport focused), as well as conservation or non-government
organisations. Canada, Europe, Australia and the UK have two guidelines
each that provide specific guidance for either herpetofauna in general
or a specific genus. Two of these guidelines provide recommendations
that target a specific species (Desert Tortoise (USFWS) and the Great
Crested Newt (ARC)) (Table 3 ). The first best practice guidelines
that begin to specifically address fencing requirements were published
in 2001 by English Nature (now Natural England) and focused on the Great
Crested Newt, with the remaining publications spanning until most
recently in 2022 (IENE) (Table 3 ).
Table 3. Summary of best practice guidelines grouped by country