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\begin{document}

\title{A Climatic Sand Management Model for Cardiff State Beach, CA}



\author[1]{Sreeja Gopal}%
\author[1]{W.C. O'Reilly}%
\author[1]{Adam P. Young}%
\author[1]{Reinhard E. Flick}%
\author[1]{Mark A. Merrifield}%
\author[1]{Hironori Matsumoto}%
\author[1]{R.T. Guza}%
\affil[1]{Scripps Institution of Oceanography}%


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  \date{May 15, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
An empirically based sediment budget model is developed for Cardiff
State Beach CA to assess management strategies to maintain beach width
subject to mean sea level rise (MSLR) and potentially more frequent El
Ni\selectlanguage{ngerman}ño storms. Two decades (2000-2019) of surveys support the hypothesis
that the rocky reefs bounding this beach retain sand added to the
nearshore zone, except during strong El Niño years with more severe
storm waves. The subaerial beach has widened by \textasciitilde{}60 m
during the last 20 years owing to nourishment (\textasciitilde{}17K
m3/yr) of imported sand, and sand bypassed annually by dredging a lagoon
inlet at the beach's updrift end. The observed widening yields 1 m/yr of
mean beach width increase for each 6 m3/m-shoreline of added sand. A
strong El Niño year is modeled with a permanent volume loss coupled with
a shoreline retreat that recovers partially as the beach profile adjusts
between El Niño years. Calibrated with observations from Cardiff and
South Torrey Pines (a control beach), the model is used to project beach
change through 2050. All modeled scenarios suggest that no bypassing or
nourishment (no ``management'') will result in tens of meters of beach
width loss. However, continued bypassing would partially mitigate MSLR
and El Niño beach width losses. An artificially built (living shoreline)
dune that backs the beach, if completely undermined during strong El
Niño storm waves, stores enough sand to balance one-third of the
expected volume loss that year, and may make the beach more resilient
and speed subsequent beach recovery.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`961637_0_art_file_10919575_rsss7r.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/617052/articles/642698-a-climatic-sand-management-model-for-cardiff-state-beach-ca}

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