Perovskite solar cell
Jsc [mA/cm2] Voc [V]
ff
ECE [%]
(a) Pristine 20.203 0.920 0.704 13.085
(b) PSCs with nanopatterned TiO2 layer 22.302 0.942 0.730 15.336
(c) PCBM-PSCs 21.865 0.961 0.783 16.453
(d) PCBM-PSCs with nanopatterned TiO2 layer 22.877 0.963 0.787 17.338