The imagery direction group was recruited with the exact requirements of the non-imagery direction group. This group also had an identical procedure, except before the posttest condition, participants were required to read and listen along with an additional L1 audio mental imagery instructions based on Gambrell and Koskinen (1986)’s study, specifically they were instructed to “carefully imagine the moral dilemma scenario while reading to the best of your ability.” Once again, the audio instructions were only provided during the instruction phase of the study. The moral dilemmas were asked to be read without any audio assistance.