Fig. 3. Estimates from the model averaging of landscape variables on diversity metrics of communities. Taxonomic Diversity: SpRic - Species Richness, a-c; Functional Diversity: FDiv - Functional Divergence d-f; FEve - Functional Evenness, g-i. Phylogenetic Diversity: MPD – Mean Pairwise Distance, j-l. Non-invaded = non-invaded bird communities. Invaded = bird communities invaded by alien species. Invadedalien = bird communities invaded by alien species accounting only for native species. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Red lines: negative estimates (except in ’a’); Blue lines: positive estimates. Points represents the average estimate values, lines are the range of the 95% CI. Grey lines are for reference purpose (95% CI intersecting with 0 are not significant). For landscape variables abbreviation, see Supporting Information 1.