REFERENCES
1. Krovi SH, Kuchroo VK. Activation pathways that drive CD4(+) T cells
to break tolerance in autoimmune diseases(). Immunol Rev.2022;307(1):161-190.
2. Suurmond J, Diamond B. Autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune
diseases: specificity and pathogenicity. J Clin Invest.2015;125(6):2194-2202.
3. Theofilopoulos AN, Kono DH, Baccala R. The multiple pathways to
autoimmunity. Nat Immunol. 2017;18(7):716-724.
4. Burnett DL, Reed JH, Christ D, Goodnow CC. Clonal redemption and
clonal anergy as mechanisms to balance B cell tolerance and immunity.Immunol Rev. 2019;292(1):61-75.
5. Klein L, Kyewski B, Allen PM, Hogquist KA. Positive and negative
selection of the T cell repertoire: what thymocytes see (and don’t see).Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(6):377-391.
6. Sakaguchi S, Yamaguchi T, Nomura T, Ono M. Regulatory T cells and
immune tolerance. Cell. 2008;133(5):775-787.
7. Tsokos GC. Autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus
erythematosus. Nat Immunol. 2020;21(6):605-614.
8. Dema B, Charles N. Autoantibodies in SLE: Specificities, Isotypes and
Receptors. Antibodies (Basel). 2016;5(1):2.
9. Ujiie H. What’s new in the pathogeneses and triggering factors of
bullous pemphigoid. J Dermatol. 2023;50(2):140-149.
10. Buhre JS, Becker M, Ehlers M. IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation
shifts are linked to the transition from pre- to inflammatory autoimmune
conditions. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1006939.
11. Ferri DM, Nassar C, Manion KP, et al. Elevated levels of
interferon-alpha act directly on B cells to breach multiple tolerance
mechanisms promoting autoantibody production. Arthritis
Rheumatol. 2023.
12. Suurmond J, Atisha-Fregoso Y, Marasco E, et al. Loss of an IgG
plasma cell checkpoint in patients with lupus. J Allergy Clin
Immunol. 2019;143(4):1586-1597.
13. Zhang Y, Zhang X, Dai HQ, Hu H, Alt FW. The role of chromatin loop
extrusion in antibody diversification. Nat Rev Immunol.2022;22(9):550-566.
14. Colas L, Magnan A, Brouard S. Immunoglobulin E response in health
and disease beyond allergic disorders. Allergy.2022;77(6):1700-1718.
15. Charles N. Autoimmunity, IgE and FcepsilonRI-bearing cells.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;72:43-50.
16. Yang Z, Wu CM, Targ S, Allen CDC. IL-21 is a broad negative
regulator of IgE class switch recombination in mouse and human B cells.J Exp Med. 2020;217(5).
17. Kinet JP. The high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI): from
physiology to pathology. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:931-972.
18. Blank U, Huang H, Kawakami T. The high affinity IgE receptor: a
signaling update. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;72:51-58.
19. Daeron M. Innate myeloid cells under the control of adaptive
immunity: the example of mast cells and basophils. Curr Opin
Immunol. 2016;38:101-108.
20. El Ansari YS, Kanagaratham C, Burton OT, et al. Allergen-Specific
IgA Antibodies Block IgE-Mediated Activation of Mast Cells and
Basophils. Front Immunol. 2022;13:881655.
21. Engeroff P, Vogel M. The role of CD23 in the regulation of allergic
responses. Allergy. 2021;76(7):1981-1989.
22. Pellefigues C, Dema B, Lamri Y, et al. Prostaglandin D2 amplifies
lupus disease through basophil accumulation in lymphoid organs.Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):725.
23. Henault J, Riggs JM, Karnell JL, et al. Self-reactive IgE
exacerbates interferon responses associated with autoimmunity. Nat
Immunol. 2016;17(2):196-203.
24. Miyawaki S, Ritchie RF. Heterogeneity of antinucleolar antibody and
IgE antinuclear antibody in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.J Immunol. 1974;113(4):1346-1352.
25. Permin H, Wiik A. The prevalence of IgE antinuclear antibodies in
rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Acta Pathol
Microbiol Scand C. 1978;86C(5):245-249.
26. Camussi G, Tetta C, Benveniste J. Detection of basophil
sensitization by IgE antibodies to nuclear antigens in connective tissue
diseases. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1982;69(4):358-362.
27. Charles N, Hardwick D, Daugas E, Illei GG, Rivera J. Basophils and
the T helper 2 environment can promote the development of lupus
nephritis. Nature medicine. 2010;16(6):701-707.
28. Dema B, Pellefigues C, Hasni S, et al. Autoreactive IgE is prevalent
in systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with increased disease
activity and nephritis. PloS one. 2014;9(2):e90424.
29. Ettinger R, Karnell JL, Henault J, et al. Pathogenic mechanisms of
IgE-mediated inflammation in self-destructive autoimmune responses.Autoimmunity. 2017;50(1):25-36.
30. Dema B, Charles N, Pellefigues C, et al. Immunoglobulin E plays an
immunoregulatory role in lupus. J Exp Med.2014;211(11):2159-2168.
31. Pan Q, Gong L, Xiao H, et al. Basophil Activation-Dependent
Autoantibody and Interleukin-17 Production Exacerbate Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus. Front Immunol. 2017;8:348.
32. Lamri Y, Charles N. IgE in the Pathogenesis of SLE: From Pathogenic
Role to Therapeutic Target. Antibodies (Basel). 2020;9(4).
33. Fujimoto S, Arinobu Y, Miyawaki K, et al. Anti-dsDNA IgE induces
IL-4 production from basophils, potentially involved in B-cell
differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology
(Oxford). 2023.
34. Dijkstra D, Meyer-Bahlburg A. Human Basophils Modulate Plasma Cell
Differentiation and Maturation. J Immunol. 2017;198(1):229-238.
35. Shipman WD, Chyou S, Ramanathan A, et al. A protective Langerhans
cell-keratinocyte axis that is dysfunctional in photosensitivity.Sci Transl Med. 2018;10(454).
36. Blank U, Essig M, Scandiuzzi L, Benhamou M, Kanamaru Y. Mast cells
and inflammatory kidney disease. Immunol Rev. 2007;217:79-95.
37. Lin L, Gerth AJ, Peng SL. Susceptibility of mast cell-deficient W/Wv
mice to pristane-induced experimental lupus nephritis. Immunol
Lett. 2004;91(2-3):93-97.
38. Lamri Y, Vibhushan S, Pacreau E, et al. Basophils and IgE contribute
to mixed connective tissue disease development. J Allergy Clin
Immunol. 2021;147(4):1478-1489 e1411.
39. Loucks A, Maerz T, Hankenson K, Moeser A, Colbath A. The
multifaceted role of mast cells in joint inflammation and arthritis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023.
40. Guo J, Rapoport B, McLachlan SM. Thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies
of IgE class in thyroid autoimmunity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol.1997;82(2):157-162.
41. Muino JC, Juarez CP, Luna JD, et al. The importance of specific IgG
and IgE autoantibodies to retinal S antigen, total serum IgE, and sCD23
levels in autoimmune and infectious uveitis. J Clin Immunol.1999;19(4):215-222.
42. Mikol DD, Ditlow C, Usatin D, et al. Serum IgE reactive against
small myelin protein-derived peptides is increased in multiple sclerosis
patients. J Neuroimmunol. 2006;180(1-2):40-49.
43. Wei Q, Jiang Y, Xie J, et al. Analysis of antinuclear antibody
titers and patterns by using HEp-2 and primate liver tissue substrate
indirect immunofluorescence assay in patients with systemic autoimmune
rheumatic diseases. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020;34(12):e23546.
44. Atta AM, Santiago MB, Guerra FG, Pereira MM, Sousa Atta ML.
Autoimmune response of IgE antibodies to cellular self-antigens in
systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.2010;152(4):401-406.
45. Brito-Zeron P, Acar-Denizli N, Ng WF, et al. How immunological
profile drives clinical phenotype of primary Sjogren’s syndrome at
diagnosis: analysis of 10,500 patients (Sjogren Big Data Project).Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36 Suppl 112(3):102-112.
46. Danielides S, Dema B, Rivera J, Illei GG. IgE Autoantibodies Against
SSA and SSB in Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome and Healthy Controls.Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2012;64(S10):S930.
47. Abbara S, Seror R, Henry J, et al. Anti-RNP positivity in primary
Sjogren’s syndrome is associated with a more active disease and a more
frequent muscular and pulmonary involvement. RMD Open.2019;5(2):e001033.
48. Liem SIE, Neppelenbroek S, Fehres CM, et al. Autoreactive B cell
responses targeting nuclear antigens in systemic sclerosis: Implications
for disease pathogenesis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2023;58:152136.
49. Daskalova M, Taskov H, Dimitrova E, Baydanoff S. Humoral and
cellular immune response to elastin in patients with systemic sclerosis.Autoimmunity. 1997;25(4):233-241.
50. Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The international
EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition,
classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy.2022;77(3):734-766.
51. Kolkhir P, Gimenez-Arnau AM, Kulthanan K, Peter J, Metz M, Maurer M.
Urticaria. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):61.
52. Asero R, Ferrer M, Kocaturk E, Maurer M. Chronic Spontaneous
Urticaria: The Role and Relevance of Autoreactivity, Autoimmunity and
Autoallergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023.
53. Xiang Y-K, Kolkhir P, Scheffel J, et al. Most patients with
autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria also have autoallergic
urticaria, but not vice versa. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical
Immunology: In Practice. 2023.
54. Bar-Sela S, Reshef T, Mekori YA. IgE antithyroid microsomal
antibodies in a patient with chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin
Immunol. 1999;103(6):1216-1217.
55. Leznoff A, Sussman GL. Syndrome of idiopathic chronic urticaria and
angioedema with thyroid autoimmunity: a study of 90 patients. J
Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989;84(1):66-71.
56. Turktas I, Gokcora N, Demirsoy S, Cakir N, Onal E. The association
of chronic urticaria and angioedema with autoimmune thyroiditis.Int J Dermatol. 1997;36(3):187-190.
57. Altrichter S, Peter HJ, Pisarevskaja D, Metz M, Martus P, Maurer M.
IgE mediated autoallergy against thyroid peroxidase–a novel
pathomechanism of chronic spontaneous urticaria? PloS one.2011;6(4):e14794.
58. Sanchez J, Sanchez A, Cardona R. Causal Relationship Between
Anti-TPO IgE and Chronic Urticaria by In Vitro and In Vivo Tests.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(1):29-42.
59. Sanchez J, Sanchez A, Munera M, et al. Presence of IgE
Autoantibodies Against Eosinophil Peroxidase and Eosinophil Cationic
Protein in Severe Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Atopic Dermatitis.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2021;13(5):746-761.
60. Concha LB, Chang CC, Szema AM, Dattwyler RJ, Carlson HE. IgE
antithyroid antibodies in patients with Hashimoto’s disease and chronic
urticaria. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2004;25(5):293-296.
61. Zhang L, Qiu L, Wu J, et al. IgE and IgG Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies
in Chinese Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and a Literature
Review. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2022;14(1):131-142.
62. Sanchez J, Sanchez A, Cardona R. Clinical Characterization of
Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria according to Anti-TPO IgE
Levels. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:4202145.
63. Çildağ S, Yenisey Ç, Ünübol M, Şentürk T. Comparison of
immunoglobulin E anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with
Hashimoto thyroiditis and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Med Pharm
Rep. 2021;94(1):53-57.
64. Tedeschi A, Lorini M, Asero R. Anti-thyroid peroxidase IgE in
patients with chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol.2001;108(3):467-468.
65. Kadooka Y, Idota T, Gunji H, et al. A method for measuring specific
IgE in sera by direct ELISA without interference by IgG competition or
IgG autoantibodies to IgE. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.2000;122(4):264-269.
66. Maurer M, Altrichter S, Schmetzer O, Scheffel J, Church MK, Metz M.
Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Autoimmunity. Front Immunol.2018;9:689.
67. Hatada Y, Kashiwakura J, Hayama K, et al. Significantly high levels
of anti-dsDNA immunoglobulin E in sera and the ability of dsDNA to
induce the degranulation of basophils from chronic urticaria patients.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;161 Suppl 2:154-158.
68. Asero R, Marzano AV, Ferrucci S, Lorini M, Carbonelli V, Cugno M.
Co-occurrence of IgE and IgG autoantibodies in patients with chronic
spontaneous urticaria. Clin Exp Immunol. 2020;200(3):242-249.
69. Schmetzer O, Lakin E, Topal FA, et al. IL-24 is a common and
specific autoantigen of IgE in patients with chronic spontaneous
urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(3):876-882.
70. Cugno M, Asero R, Ferrucci S, et al. Elevated IgE to tissue factor
and thyroglobulin are abated by omalizumab in chronic spontaneous
urticaria. Allergy. 2018;73(12):2408-2411.
71. Su H, Kolkhir P, Scheffel J, et al. One in five patients with
chronic spontaneous urticaria has IgE to tissue transglutaminase 2.Allergy. 2023.
72. Shin YS, Suh DH, Yang EM, Ye YM, Park HS. Serum Specific IgE to
Thyroid Peroxidase Activates Basophils in Aspirin Intolerant Urticaria.J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(6):705-709.
73. Kaplan A, Lebwohl M, Gimenez-Arnau AM, Hide M, Armstrong AW, Maurer
M. Chronic spontaneous urticaria: Focus on pathophysiology to unlock
treatment advances. Allergy. 2023;78(2):389-401.
74. Hamilton JD, Harel S, Swanson BN, et al. Dupilumab suppresses type 2
inflammatory biomarkers across multiple atopic, allergic diseases.Clin Exp Allergy. 2021;51(7):915-931.
75. Maurer M, Casale T, Saini S, et al. Dupilumab Significantly Reduces
Itch and Hives in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Results
From a Phase 3 Trial (LIBERTY-CSU CUPID Study A). Journal of
Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2022;149(2):AB312.
76. Hill DA, Spergel JM. The atopic march: Critical evidence and
clinical relevance. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.2018;120(2):131-137.
77. Andersen YM, Egeberg A, Gislason GH, Skov L, Thyssen JP. Autoimmune
diseases in adults with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol.2017;76(2):274-280 e271.
78. Narla S, Silverberg JI. Association between atopic dermatitis and
autoimmune disorders in US adults and children: A cross-sectional study.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(2):382-389.
79. Hampton SF, Cooke RA. The sensitivity of man to human dander, with
particular reference to eczema (allergic dermatitis). Journal of
Allergy. 1941;13(1):63-76.
80. Simon FA. On the allergen in human dander. Journal of
Allergy. 1944;15(5):338-345.
81. Aichberger KJ, Mittermann I, Reininger R, et al. Hom s 4, an
IgE-reactive autoantigen belonging to a new subfamily of calcium-binding
proteins, can induce Th cell type 1-mediated autoreactivity. J
Immunol. 2005;175(2):1286-1294.
82. Altrichter S, Kriehuber E, Moser J, Valenta R, Kopp T, Stingl G.
Serum IgE autoantibodies target keratinocytes in patients with atopic
dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(9):2232-2239.
83. Hide M, Tanaka T, Yamamura Y, Koro O, Yamamoto S. IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity against human sweat antigen in patients with atopic
dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82(5):335-340.
84. Kortekangas-Savolainen O, Peltonen S, Pummi K, Kalimo K, Savolainen
J. IgE-binding components of cultured human keratinocytes in atopic
eczema/dermatitis syndrome and their crossreactivity with Malassezia
furfur. Allergy. 2004;59(2):168-173.
85. Mittermann I, Reininger R, Zimmermann M, et al. The IgE-reactive
autoantigen Hom s 2 induces damage of respiratory epithelial cells and
keratinocytes via induction of IFN-gamma. J Invest Dermatol.2008;128(6):1451-1459.
86. Mothes N, Niggemann B, Jenneck C, et al. The cradle of IgE
autoreactivity in atopic eczema lies in early infancy. J Allergy
Clin Immunol. 2005;116(3):706-709.
87. Natter S, Seiberler S, Hufnagl P, et al. Isolation of cDNA clones
coding for IgE autoantigens with serum IgE from atopic dermatitis
patients. FASEB J. 1998;12(14):1559-1569.
88. Ochs RL, Muro Y, Si Y, Ge H, Chan EK, Tan EM. Autoantibodies to DFS
70 kd/transcription coactivator p75 in atopic dermatitis and other
conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;105(6 Pt 1):1211-1220.
89. Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Fluckiger S, Disch R, et al. IgE-mediated and
T cell-mediated autoimmunity against manganese superoxide dismutase in
atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115(5):1068-1075.
90. Tanaka A, Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Ishii K, Kameyoshi Y, Hide M.
Semi-purification of the immunoglobulin E-sweat antigen acting on mast
cells and basophils in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol.2006;15(4):283-290.
91. Valenta R, Duchene M, Pettenburger K, et al. Identification of
profilin as a novel pollen allergen; IgE autoreactivity in sensitized
individuals. Science. 1991;253(5019):557-560.
92. Valenta R, Maurer D, Steiner R, et al. Immunoglobulin E response to
human proteins in atopic patients. J Invest Dermatol.1996;107(2):203-208.
93. Valenta R, Natter S, Seiberler S, et al. Molecular characterization
of an autoallergen, Hom s 1, identified by serum IgE from atopic
dermatitis patients. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;111(6):1178-1183.
94. Watanabe K, Muro Y, Sugiura K, Tomita Y. IgE and IgG(4)
autoantibodies against DFS70/LEDGF in atopic dermatitis.Autoimmunity. 2011;44(6):511-519.
95. Zeller S, Rhyner C, Meyer N, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Akdis CA,
Crameri R. Exploring the repertoire of IgE-binding self-antigens
associated with atopic eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol.2009;124(2):278-285, 285 e271-277.
96. Navarrete-Dechent C, Perez-Mateluna G, Silva-Valenzuela S,
Vera-Kellet C, Borzutzky A. Humoral and Cellular Autoreactivity to
Epidermal Proteins in Atopic Dermatitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp
(Warsz). 2016;64(6):435-442.
97. Tang TS, Bieber T, Williams HC. Does ”autoreactivity” play a role in
atopic dermatitis? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(5):1209-1215
e1202.
98. Holmes J, Fairclough LC, Todd I. Atopic dermatitis and autoimmunity:
the occurrence of autoantibodies and their association with disease
severity. Arch Dermatol Res. 2019;311(3):141-162.
99. Seiberler S, Bugajska-Schretter A, Hufnagl P, et al.
Characterization of IgE-reactive autoantigens in atopic dermatitis. 1.
Subcellular distribution and tissue-specific expression. Int Arch
Allergy Immunol. 1999;120(2):108-116.
100. Valenta R, Seiberler S, Natter S, et al. Autoallergy: a
pathogenetic factor in atopic dermatitis? J Allergy Clin Immunol.2000;105(3):432-437.
101. Schuler CFt, Billi AC, Maverakis E, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE. Novel
insights into atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022.
102. Pellefigues C. IgE Autoreactivity in Atopic Dermatitis: Paving the
Road for Autoimmune Diseases? Antibodies (Basel). 2020;9(3).
103. Badloe FMS, De Vriese S, Coolens K, et al. IgE autoantibodies and
autoreactive T cells and their role in children and adults with atopic
dermatitis. Clin Transl Allergy. 2020;10:34.
104. Balaji H, Heratizadeh A, Wichmann K, et al. Malassezia sympodialis
thioredoxin-specific T cells are highly cross-reactive to human
thioredoxin in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol.2011;128(1):92-99 e94.
105. Roesner LM, Swiontek K, Lentz D, et al. Patients With Atopic
Dermatitis Sensitized to Pet Dander Mount IgE and T-Cell Responses to
Mammalian Cystatins, Including the Human Self-Protein. J Investig
Allergol Clin Immunol. 2022;32(5):383-392.
106. Sun J, Gu Y, Li K, Zhang JZ. Co-existence of specific IgE
antibodies and T cells reactive to house dust mites and human
transglutaminase3/tropomysin in patients with atopic dermatitis.Eur J Dermatol. 2021;31(2):155-160.
107. De Bruyn Carlier T, Badloe FMS, Ring J, Gutermuth J, Kortekaas
Krohn I. Autoreactive T cells and their role in atopic dermatitis.J Autoimmun. 2021;120:102634.
108. Roesner LM, Heratizadeh A, Wieschowski S, et al. alpha-NAC-Specific
Autoreactive CD8+ T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis Are of an Effector Memory
Type and Secrete IL-4 and IFN-gamma. J Immunol.2016;196(8):3245-3252.
109. Cipriani F, Ricci G, Leoni MC, et al. Autoimmunity in atopic
dermatitis: biomarker or simply epiphenomenon? J Dermatol.2014;41(7):569-576.
110. Heil PM, Maurer D, Klein B, Hultsch T, Stingl G. Omalizumab therapy
in atopic dermatitis: depletion of IgE does not improve the clinical
course - a randomized, placebo-controlled and double blind pilot study.J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2010;8(12):990-998.
111. Radi G, Campanti A, Diotallevi F, Martina E, Marani A, Offidani A.
A Systematic Review of Atopic Dermatitis: The Intriguing Journey
Starting from Physiopathology to Treatment, from Laboratory Bench to
Bedside. Biomedicines. 2022;10(11).
112. Provost TT, Tomasi TB, Jr. Immunopathology of bullous pemphigoid.
Basement membrane deposition of IgE, alternate pathway components and
fibrin. Clin Exp Immunol. 1974;18(2):193-200.
113. Messingham KN, Crowe TP, Fairley JA. The Intersection of IgE
Autoantibodies and Eosinophilia in the Pathogenesis of Bullous
Pemphigoid. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2331.
114. Delaporte E, Dubost-Brama A, Ghohestani R, et al. IgE
autoantibodies directed against the major bullous pemphigoid antigen in
patients with a severe form of pemphigoid. J Immunol.1996;157(8):3642-3647.
115. Ghohestani RF, Cozzani E, Delaporte E, Nicolas JF, Parodi A, Claudy
A. IgE antibodies in sera from patients with bullous pemphigoid are
autoantibodies preferentially directed against the 230-kDa epidermal
antigen (BP230). J Clin Immunol. 1998;18(3):202-209.
116. Baba T, Sonozaki H, Seki K, Uchiyama M, Ikesawa Y, Toriisu M. An
eosinophil chemotactic factor present in blister fluids of bullous
pemphigoid patients. J Immunol. 1976;116(1):112-116.
117. Nieboer C, van Leeuwen HJ. IgE in the serum and on mast cells in
bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol. 1980;116(5):555-556.
118. Dopp R, Schmidt E, Chimanovitch I, Leverkus M, Brocker EB,
Zillikens D. IgG4 and IgE are the major immunoglobulins targeting the
NC16A domain of BP180 in Bullous pemphigoid: serum levels of these
immunoglobulins reflect disease activity. J Am Acad Dermatol.2000;42(4):577-583.
119. Dimson OG, Giudice GJ, Fu CL, et al. Identification of a potential
effector function for IgE autoantibodies in the organ-specific
autoimmune disease bullous pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol.2003;120(5):784-788.
120. Fairley JA, Fu CL, Giudice GJ. Mapping the binding sites of
anti-BP180 immunoglobulin E autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid.J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(3):467-472.
121. Ishiura N, Fujimoto M, Watanabe R, et al. Serum levels of IgE
anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 autoantibodies in patients with bullous
pemphigoid. J Dermatol Sci. 2008;49(2):153-161.
122. Iwata Y, Komura K, Kodera M, et al. Correlation of IgE autoantibody
to BP180 with a severe form of bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol.2008;144(1):41-48.
123. Dresow SK, Sitaru C, Recke A, Oostingh GJ, Zillikens D, Gibbs BF.
IgE autoantibodies against the intracellular domain of BP180. Br J
Dermatol. 2009;160(2):429-432.
124. Messingham KA, Noe MH, Chapman MA, Giudice GJ, Fairley JA. A novel
ELISA reveals high frequencies of BP180-specific IgE production in
bullous pemphigoid. J Immunol Methods. 2009;346(1-2):18-25.
125. Messingham KN, Srikantha R, DeGueme AM, Fairley JA. FcR-independent
effects of IgE and IgG autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid. J
Immunol. 2011;187(1):553-560.
126. Pomponi D, Di Zenzo G, Zennaro D, et al. Detection of IgG and IgE
reactivity to BP180 using the ISAC(R) microarray system. Br J
Dermatol. 2013;168(6):1205-1214.
127. Messingham KN, Holahan HM, Frydman AS, Fullenkamp C, Srikantha R,
Fairley JA. Human eosinophils express the high affinity IgE receptor,
FcepsilonRI, in bullous pemphigoid. PloS one. 2014;9(9):e107725.
128. Bing L, Xiping Z, Li L, et al. Levels of anti-BP180 NC16A IgE do
not correlate with severity of disease in the early stages of bullous
pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol Res. 2015;307(9):849-854.
129. Ma L, Wang M, Wang X, Chen X, Zhu X. Circulating IgE anti-BP180
autoantibody and its correlation to clinical and laboratorial aspects in
bullous pemphigoid patients. J Dermatol Sci. 2015;78(1):76-77.
130. Moriuchi R, Nishie W, Ujiie H, Natsuga K, Shimizu H. In vivo
analysis of IgE autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid: a study of 100
cases. J Dermatol Sci. 2015;78(1):21-25.
131. Cho YT, Liao SL, Wang LF, Chu CY. High serum anti-BP180 IgE levels
correlate to prominent urticarial lesions in patients with bullous
pemphigoid. J Dermatol Sci. 2016;83(1):78-80.
132. Kalowska M, Ciepiela O, Kowalewski C, Demkow U, Schwartz RA,
Wozniak K. Enzyme-linked Immunoassay Index for Anti-NC16a IgG and IgE
Auto-antibodies Correlates with Severity and Activity of Bullous
Pemphigoid. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016;96(2):191-196.
133. Hashimoto T, Ohzono A, Teye K, et al. Detection of IgE
autoantibodies to BP180 and BP230 and their relationship to clinical
features in bullous pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol.2017;177(1):141-151.
134. van Beek N, Luttmann N, Huebner F, et al. Correlation of Serum
Levels of IgE Autoantibodies Against BP180 With Bullous Pemphigoid
Disease Activity. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153(1):30-38.
135. Kamata A, Kurihara Y, Funakoshi T, et al. Basement membrane zone
IgE deposition is associated with bullous pemphigoid disease severity
and treatment results. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182(5):1221-1227.
136. Saniklidou AH, Tighe PJ, Fairclough LC, Todd I. IgE autoantibodies
and their association with the disease activity and phenotype in bullous
pemphigoid: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol Res.2018;310(1):11-28.
137. Gasser P, Eggel A. Targeting IgE in allergic disease. Curr
Opin Immunol. 2018;54:86-92.
138. Guntern P, Eggel A. Past, present, and future of anti-IgE
biologics. Allergy. 2020;75(10):2491-2502.
139. Busse WW, Morgan WJ, Gergen PJ, et al. Randomized trial of
omalizumab (anti-IgE) for asthma in inner-city children. N Engl J
Med. 2011;364(11):1005-1015.
140. Maurer M, Metz M, Brehler R, et al. Omalizumab treatment in
patients with chronic inducible urticaria: A systematic review of
published evidence. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(2):638-649.
141. Presta LG, Lahr SJ, Shields RL, et al. Humanization of an antibody
directed against IgE. J Immunol. 1993;151(5):2623-2632.
142. Wright JD, Chu HM, Huang CH, Ma C, Chang TW, Lim C. Structural and
Physical Basis for Anti-IgE Therapy. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11581.
143. Davies AM, Allan EG, Keeble AH, et al. Allosteric mechanism of
action of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody omalizumab. J Biol
Chem. 2017;292(24):9975-9987.
144. Pennington LF, Tarchevskaya S, Brigger D, et al. Structural basis
of omalizumab therapy and omalizumab-mediated IgE exchange. Nat
Commun. 2016;7:11610.
145. Chang TW, Davis FM, Sun NC, Sun CR, MacGlashan DW, Jr., Hamilton
RG. Monoclonal antibodies specific for human IgE-producing B cells: a
potential therapeutic for IgE-mediated allergic diseases.Biotechnology (N Y). 1990;8(2):122-126.
146. Maurer M, Saini SS, McLendon K, et al. Pharmacokinetic equivalence
of CT-P39 and reference omalizumab in healthy individuals: A randomised,
double-blind, parallel-group, Phase 1 trial. Clin Transl Allergy.2022;12(11):e12204.
147. Zhou B, Lin B, Li J, et al. Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics of CMAB007, a humanized anti-immunoglobulin E
monoclonal antibody, in healthy Chinese subjects. MAbs.2012;4(1):110-119.
148. Apsangikar P, Ghadge P, Naik M, Nair S. Randomized Comparative
Clinical Study of First Global Omalizumab Biosimilar with Innovator
Product in Moderate to Severe Persistent Asthma. J Assoc
Physicians India. 2020;68(12):61-65.
149. Gasser P, Tarchevskaya SS, Guntern P, et al. The mechanistic and
functional profile of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody ligelizumab
differs from omalizumab. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):165.
150. Arm JP, Bottoli I, Skerjanec A, et al. Pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics and safety of QGE031 (ligelizumab), a novel
high-affinity anti-IgE antibody, in atopic subjects. Clin Exp
Allergy. 2014;44(11):1371-1385.
151. Kuo BS, Li CH, Chen JB, et al. IgE-neutralizing UB-221 mAb,
distinct from omalizumab and ligelizumab, exhibits CD23-mediated IgE
downregulation and relieves urticaria symptoms. J Clin Invest.2022;132(15).
152. Agache I, Rocha C, Pereira A, et al. Efficacy and safety of
treatment with omalizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria: A
systematic review for the EAACI Biologicals Guidelines. Allergy.2021;76(1):59-70.
153. Kolkhir P, Munoz M, Asero R, et al. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous
urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1819-1831.
154. Kaplan A, Ledford D, Ashby M, et al. Omalizumab in patients with
symptomatic chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria despite standard
combination therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(1):101-109.
155. Gericke J, Metz M, Ohanyan T, et al. Serum autoreactivity predicts
time to response to omalizumab therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(3):1059-1061 e1051.
156. Segu-Verges C, Gomez J, Terradas-Montana P, et al. Unveiling
chronic spontaneous urticaria pathophysiology through systems biology.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022.
157. Maurer M, Gimenez-Arnau AM, Sussman G, et al. Ligelizumab for
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. N Engl J Med.2019;381(14):1321-1332.
158. Maurer M, Gimenez-Arnau A, Bernstein JA, et al. Sustained safety
and efficacy of ligelizumab in patients with chronic spontaneous
urticaria: A one-year extension study. Allergy.2022;77(7):2175-2184.
159. Harris JM, Cabanski CR, Scheerens H, et al. A randomized trial of
quilizumab in adults with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(6):1730-1732.
160. Wollenberg A, Thomsen SF, Lacour JP, Jaumont X, Lazarewicz S.
Targeting immunoglobulin E in atopic dermatitis: A review of the
existing evidence. World Allergy Organ J. 2021;14(3):100519.
161. Chan S, Cornelius V, Cro S, Harper JI, Lack G. Treatment Effect of
Omalizumab on Severe Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: The ADAPT Randomized
Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(1):29-37.
162. Iyengar SR, Hoyte EG, Loza A, et al. Immunologic effects of
omalizumab in children with severe refractory atopic dermatitis: a
randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int Arch Allergy
Immunol. 2013;162(1):89-93.
163. Bangert CLJ, J.; Weiss, D.; Bieber, T.; Stingl, G. 2(nd)
Inflammatory Skin Disease Summit, November 16-19, 2016, New York -
Abstract P093. Exp Dermatol. 2016;25 Suppl 4:3-51.
164. Chan SMH, Cro S, Cornelius V, Jahan R, Radulovic S, Lack G.
Omalizumab for severe atopic dermatitis in 4- to 19-year-olds: the ADAPT
RCT. In: Research SUNIfHaC, ed. Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation.
. Vol 9. Southampton (UK)2022.
165. Hotze M, Baurecht H, Rodriguez E, et al. Increased efficacy of
omalizumab in atopic dermatitis patients with wild-type filaggrin status
and higher serum levels of phosphatidylcholines. Allergy.2014;69(1):132-135.
166. Sheinkopf LE, Rafi AW, Do LT, Katz RM, Klaustermeyer WB. Efficacy
of omalizumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a pilot study.Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008;29(5):530-537.
167. Velling P, Skowasch D, Pabst S, Jansen E, Tuleta I, Grohe C.
Improvement of quality of life in patients with concomitant allergic
asthma and atopic dermatitis: one year follow-up of omalizumab therapy.Eur J Med Res. 2011;16(9):407-410.
168. D’Aguanno K, Gabrielli S, Ouchene L, et al. Omalizumab for the
Treatment of Bullous Pemphigoid: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and
Safety. J Cutan Med Surg. 2022;26(4):404-413.
169. Castel M, Alexandre M, Jelti L, et al. Updated French guidelines
for the therapeutic management of bullous pemphigoid. Ann Dermatol
Venereol. 2022;149(2):81-91.
170. Hasni S, Gupta S, Davis M, et al. Safety and Tolerability of
Omalizumab: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Humanized Anti-IgE Monoclonal
Antibody in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol.2019;71(7):1135-1140.
171. Benito-Villalvilla C, de la Rocha-Munoz A, Lopez-Abente J, et al.
Ligelizumab impairs IgE-binding to plasmacytoid dendritic cells more
potently than omalizumab and restores IFN-alpha production and FOXP3(+)
Treg generation. Allergy. 2022.
172. Lopez-Abente J, Benito-Villalvilla C, Jaumont X, Pfister P,
Tassinari P, Palomares O. Omalizumab restores the ability of human
plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce Foxp3(+)Tregs. Eur Respir
J. 2021;57(1).
173. Tsai CT, Mukai K, Robinson PV, et al. Isotype-specific
agglutination-PCR (ISAP): A sensitive and multiplex method for measuring
allergen-specific IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol.2018;141(5):1901-1904 e1915.
174. Goyard S, Balbino B, Chinthrajah RS, et al. A highly sensitive
bioluminescent method for measuring allergen-specific IgE in microliter
samples. Allergy. 2020;75(11):2952-2956.
175. Badloe FMS, De Vriese S, De Bruyn Carlier T, et al. A Novel Method
for Total IgE Purification from Human Serum. J Immunol.2022;208(10):2436-2442.
176. Santos AF, Alpan O, Hoffmann HJ. Basophil activation test:
Mechanisms and considerations for use in clinical trials and clinical
practice. Allergy. 2021;76(8):2420-2432.
177. Santos AF, Kulis MD, Sampson HA. Bringing the Next Generation of
Food Allergy Diagnostics Into the Clinic. J Allergy Clin Immunol
Pract. 2022;10(1):1-9.
178. Zbaren N, Brigger D, Bachmann D, et al. A novel functional mast
cell assay for the detection of allergies. J Allergy Clin
Immunol. 2022;149(3):1018-1030 e1011.
179. Luo Y, Fernandez Vallone V, He J, et al. A novel approach for
studying mast cell-driven disorders: Mast cells derived from induced
pluripotent stem cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol.2022;149(3):1060-1068 e1064.
180. Croote D, Darmanis S, Nadeau KC, Quake SR. High-affinity
allergen-specific human antibodies cloned from single IgE B cell
transcriptomes. Science. 2018;362(6420):1306-1309.
181. Cao P, Xu W, Zhang L. Rituximab, Omalizumab, and Dupilumab
Treatment Outcomes in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Systematic Review.Front Immunol. 2022;13:928621.
182. Kwon IJ, Kim T, Yoo DS, Min S, Kim SC, Kim JH. Clinical effect of
omalizumab as an adjuvant treatment to rituximab in patient with
refractory bullous pemphigoid. J Dermatol. 2022.