3. Mechanisms of natural active constituents in alleviating IR
The mechanisms of active constituents from herbs and nutraceuticals in alleviating IR were divided into different categories as below: ameliorating metabolic abnormality, inhibiting inflammation, reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis, regulating miRNAs and others (Fig 1). The categories listed below, however, should only be used as a guide since the signaling pathways and other factors almost always work in concert.