Table 4. ORs with 95% CIs of the associations between mode of delivery in the first pregnancy and stillbirth in the subsequent pregnancy
1st birth 2nd birth
Antepartum stillbirth, (n, %) Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)*
Spontaneous VB 1,664 (0.24) Reference Reference
Vacuum/forceps 206 (0.25) 1.01 (0.87–1.16) 0.99 (0.86–1.15)
Pre-labour CD 110 (0.33) 1.34 (1.10–1.62) 1.24 (1.02–1.50)
In-labour CD 262 (0.36) 1.49 (1.31–1.70) 1.36 (1.19–1.55)
Unspecified CD 50 (0.46) 1.90 (1.43–2.52) 1.62 (1.22–2.16)
Intrapartum stillbirth, (n, %)
Spontaneous VB 89 (0.01) Reference Reference
Vacuum/forceps 17 (0.02) 1.56 (0.93–2.67) 1.59 (0.93–2.71)
Pre-labour CD 13 (0.04) 2.96 (1.65–5.29) 2.72 (1.51–4.91)
In-labour CD 14 (0.02) 1.49 (0.84–2.63) 1.35 (0.76–2.40)
Unspecified CD 3 (0.03) - -
Stillbirth (total)†, (n, %)
Spontaneous VB 1,753 (0.26) Reference Reference
Vacuum/forceps 223 (0.27) 1.04 (0.90–1.19) 1.02 (0.89–1.18)
Pre-labour CD 123 (0.36) 1.42 (1.18–1.71) 1.31 (1.09–1.58)
In-labour CD 276 (0.38) 1.49 (1.31–1.69) 1.36 (1.19–1.55)
Unspecified CD 53 (0.49) 1.91 (1.46–2.52) 1.63 (1.24–2.16)
Abbreviations: CD, caesarean delivery; VB, vaginal birth *Adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, smoking, education, country of origin, year of delivery, and comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy) †Includes both antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth Abbreviations: CD, caesarean delivery; VB, vaginal birth *Adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, smoking, education, country of origin, year of delivery, and comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy) †Includes both antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth Abbreviations: CD, caesarean delivery; VB, vaginal birth *Adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, smoking, education, country of origin, year of delivery, and comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy) †Includes both antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth Abbreviations: CD, caesarean delivery; VB, vaginal birth *Adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, smoking, education, country of origin, year of delivery, and comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy) †Includes both antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth