Vaccination
Due to genetic similarity, Smallpox vaccination cross-protects against MPX (Tab. 1). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the Smallpox vaccine JYNNEOS (Bavarian Nordic) for high-risk populations to prevent MPX, and the ACAM2000 vaccine can be used off-label for the same purpose [65]. According to the CDC, MPXV infection is expected to be prevented if the vaccine is administered within four days of exposure to MPXV due to the long incubation period of the virus [61]. In the United States and Canada, MVA, a third-generation Smallpox vaccine, has been licensed for use against MPX [66]. WHO classifies the current MPXV vaccine into replicating vaccine (ACAM2000), minimal replicating vaccine (LC16m8), and non-replicating vaccine (MVA-BN), the latter being the currently used vaccine [2] (Tab. 2).