For non-clonal species, the most responsive species to changes in environmental and insularity conditions were Carlina ,Helianthemum and Lychnis , whereas Silene andThymus responded weakly. The variance explained by the single predictors in the OLSs for the most important relationships ranged between 15% and 87% (Table 4). The most responsive traits across species were radial growth and storage tissue. Consistent trait-environment patterns could be identified only across a reduced number of species (i.e. 2 or 3 out of 8); the majority of trait-environment links was highly species-specific, either unique to some species or sometimes contrasting within the same single trait-single predictor relationship (Table 4).

TABLE 4 Results of the OLS regressions for the eight non-clonal species. Sign (arrow direction), significance (p-value: ** ≤ 0.01; * ≤ 0.05; . ≤ 0.1) and strength (R² values) of single trait-single predictor links are reported. Only the most important relationships (based on the model coefficient, 95% confidence interval, significance, R²) are indicated – refer to Supplemental Material 2 for detailed model summary statistics.