As partially molten rocks deform, they develop melt preferred orientations, shape preferred orientations, and crystallographic preferred orientations (MPOs, SPOs and CPOs). We investigated the co-evolution of these preferred orientations in experimentally deformed partially molten rocks, then calculated the influence of MPO and CPO on seismic anisotropy. Olivine-basalt aggregates containing 2 to 4 wt% melt were deformed in general shear at a temperature of 1250°C under a confining pressure of 300 MPa at shear stresses of τ = 0 to 175 MPa to shear strains of γ = 0 to 2.3. Grain-scale melt pockets developed a MPO parallel to the maximum principal stress, s1, at γ < 0.4. At higher strains, the grain-scale MPO remained parallel to s1, but incipient, sample-scale melt bands formed at ~20° to s1. An initial SPO and CPO were induced during sample preparation, with [100] and [001] axes girdled perpendicular to the long axis of the sample. At the highest explored strain, a strong SPO was established, and the [100] axes of the CPO clustered nearly parallel to the shear plane. Our results demonstrate that grain-scale and sample-scale alignments of melt pockets are distinct. Furthermore, the melt and the solid microstructures evolve on different timescales: in planetary bodies, changes in the stress field will first drive a relatively rapid reorientation of the melt network, followed by a relatively slow realignment of the crystallographic axes. Rapid changes to seismic anisotropy in a deforming partially molten aggregate are thus caused by MPO rather than CPO.