Inversion of receiver functions (RF) revealed that the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) and the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) have distinct crustal structure in terms of crustal thickness, average composition, shear wave velocity variation and nature of the crust-mantle boundary (Kumar S., et al., 2020). Usingasimilarmethodology,GuptaandKumar(2022)estimatedthethicknessofthelithospherebeneathEDCandDVPandfoundittobe~50--60kmthinnerintheDVPcomparedtothatintheEDC.Arjunetal.(2022)carriedoutajointmodellingofteleseismictravel-timeresiduals,BouguergravityanomalyandsurfacetopographicdatatodelineatethenatureofthecontinentallithospherebeneaththeArchaeanDharwarcratonalonganENE-WSWtraverseandreportedanestimateoftheTeanditsroleinsupportingthetopographicloadsimposedbytheWesternGhats,locatednearthewesternmarginoftheSouthernIndianshield.
RaoandRaviKumar(2022a)studiedthecrustalanduppermostmantlestructureoftheWesternGhats(WG)byslantstacking,commonconversionpointimagingandharmonicdecompositionofRFs.Theirresultsrevealalargecrustalthicknessof~45kminthecentralpartoftheWG,whichdecreasesto~39kminthesouthernand~37kminthenorthernparts.TheRFsalsorevealastrongsub-Moholowvelocitylayer.Byjointlyinvertingreceiverfunctionandsurfacewavegroupvelocitydispersion,Mandaletal.(2022a)foundthattheMohodepthrangesfrom39.5to42 km,whilethelithosphericthicknessvariesfrom108to120 kmacross6stationsbeneaththePalgharregioninMaharashtra.Inversionofreceiverfunctionsfromanetworkof10stationsinthevicinityofHyderabadrevealeda4-layeredcrustwitha16-km-thickhigh-velocitylowermostcrustallayer,a9-km-thickuppercrustallayerwithaVpof6.27 km/s,amiddleandupperlowercrustbetween9--22 kmdepth(Mandaletal.,2022c).ThemodelledMohodepthsvaryfrom35.4to37.6 kmacrosstheregion.During2013-2017,CSIR-NGRImaintainedaseismicnetworkof15three-componentbroadbandstationsintheEasternIndianCraton(EIC).Resultsfromjointinversionofreceiverfunctionsandsurfacewavegroupdispersionshowamarkedcrustalthinningof5--10kmanda∼90kmthicklithospherebelowtheSinghbhum-Odisha-Craton(SOC),withaflatcrusthavingathicknessof42kmbelowtheChotanagpurGraniticGneissicTerrain(CGGT)(Mandal,2019a).AmarkedcrustalandlithosphericthinningbeneathSOCisalsoseen(Mandaletal.,2021).Inaddition,thisstudyshowedarelativelysmallerdegreeofcrustal(2--4km)andlithosphericthinning(4--10km)beneaththeEasternGhatMobileBelt,southoftheSOC.Despiteathickcrust,theynotea15--20kmlithosphericthinningassociatedwiththeCGGT.BasedonresultsfromH-KstackingandCCPimaging,asecularvariationoftheArcheancrustformationisinferredintheEasternIndianShield(Mandal,2022a).TheyobservedacorrelationbetweencrustalageandcompositionwithintheellipsoidalPaleoarchaeancratonicdomainintheSOC.InanalogywiththePaleoarchaeanandMesoarchaeangranite-greenstoneterrainssuchastheeasternPilbara,Barbeton,andKappvaalcratons,Mandaletal.(2021)suggestedthatcrustformationduringthePaleoarchaeanSOCmayhaveinvolvedathickoceanicmaficplateaufollowedbypolybaricmeltingresultinginpulsesoffelsicmagmatismwithconcurrentgravitationalreorganizationviaRayleighTaylorInstabilities.AsimilarstudyindicatedcrustalandlithosphericthinningbeneathKachchh,alongwitha2-6%reductionofVsacrosstheLithosphere-Asthenosphere-Boundary(Mandal,2019b).LocalearthquaketomographyoftheKachchhriftzone(Mandal,2020a,2022b)showedtwoprominenthigh-velocityanomalieswithinthecrustwhichwereattributedtomaficplutons.PaulH.,etal.(2021)estimatedthecrustalthicknessanduppermostmantlevelocitybeneaththeGujaratregionusingMoho-reflectedphasesandfoundthattheKachchhregionhasathickercrust(43km)owingtoarootandhighuppermostmantlevelocity.Pn(Illaetal.,2021a)andSntomography(Illaetal.,2021b)oftheIndianShieldandadjacentregionsrevealsthattheuppermantleoftheIndianshieldischaracterizedbyaPnvelocityof8.12--8.42km/s,whilealargepartofthecentralIndianshieldhasahighermantle-lidvelocityof~8.42km/swithadominantanisotropicvalueof~7.5%amountingtoavariationof0.2--0.3km/s(Fig.1).