Figure 13. Geophysical Instrumentation network (permanent and temporary) operated by WIHG in the Himalaya and adjoining regions. Abbreviations: BBS - Broad Band Seismograph; SMS – Strong motion System; MT – Magnetotelluric; GPS – Global Positioning System; MCT – Main Central Thrust; MBT – Main Boundary Thrust; HFT – Himalayan Frontal Thrust. (Courtesy WIHG)
    CSIR-4PI has established a regional broadband seismic and GNSS network in Kashmir Himalaya to assess earthquake hazard and risk in NW Himalaya with emphasis on Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh regions. This network started in 2013 with 8 stations in phase 1 and 7 stations were added in phase 2. Recently, 7 more stations are added in phase 3 (Fig.14). This network of collocated broadband seismic and GNSS stations enabled CSIR-4PI to initiate integrated broad seismic and GNSS studies for the first time in Kashmir valley. The network is running with 120 s broadband sensors and, in addition, CSIR-4PI is also equipped with 12 units of 5 s period seismometers useful for micro-tremor array measurements to image the subsurface geological mapping in terms of shear wave velocity. Mir et al. (2022) performed noise analysis of this seismic network for the period of 2014 – 2020.