Srinu et al. (2021) investigated the X-discontinuity beneath India, using P-RFs at seismological stations deployed on the Indian shield and the Himalaya. They detect the X-discontinuity as a sporadic and thin feature in the depth range of 246–335 km, with a sharp shear velocity jump of 2.5-3.6%.
    The DVP is considered to have its genesis in the interaction of the Indian plate with the Réunion mantle plume. Sharma J., et al. (2021) investigated the group velocity dispersion data in the period range of 6-100 s derived from waveforms of 77 regional earthquakes recorded at 38 broadband stations and performed surface wave tomography. The results revealed signatures of magmatic underplating and a thick crust beneath the Kachchh seismic zone and Western Ghats. A predominant low-velocity zone beneath the Cambay, Saurashtra, and adjoining regions was interpreted as a residual thermal anomaly and thin lithosphere as a result of weakening due to plume-lithosphere interaction.
    Singh and Singh (2019) presented a high-resolution seismic image of the hitherto-elusive crustal architecture of the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB) and its contact with Archaean cratons using teleseismic receiver functions. The results reveal a thick crust (40 km) with oppositely dipping Moho below the contact between the EGMB and the Bastar craton. The crust of Bastar craton extends ( \(\sim\) 75 km) eastward beneath the EGMB-Bastar surficial contact. Jana et al. (2022) constrained the velocity model by jointly inverting the surface wave dispersion data with receiver function data (Fig.2). The lithospheric and asthenospheric velocity model excludes the possibility of southward accretionary growth of Singhbhum craton to form Rengali province. Also, a metasomatically altered zone has been reported in some areas. The signature of removal of lithospheric root beneath the investigating region indicates the thermo-mechanical destruction caused by plume hotspots during the northward drift of proto-India.
    Mullick et al. (2022) obtained a 3-D shear velocity model of South Indian Precambrian terrains at a lateral resolution of 55 km down to 250 km depth by inversion of fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data in the period range of 30-140s, which shows a 150-200 km thick lithosphere beneath most of the Archaean Dharwar craton. An extraordinary high shear velocity (up to 4.8 km/s) and thick lithosphere (150 km) are observed beneath the Proterozoic Carbonatite complex, located at the south-eastern edge of the Dharwar craton. They inferred a compositional modification of the lower lithosphere at the south-western margin of the Dharwar craton and lithospheric erosion in the Granulite terrain both possibly due to interaction with the Marion mantle plume at \(\sim\) 90 Ma.