OsAP79 plays antagonistic roles in rice development and insect resistance
The dynamic balance between rice growth and resistance was often antagonistic. For example, OsGH3.8 positively regulated pathogen resistance and negatively regulated growth (Ding et al ., 2008). The OE lines of the rice EF-hand family protein gene, OsEFH1 , led to enhanced rice blast disease resistance but decreased grain yield (Liet al ., 2021). However, there have been increasingly more pieces of evidence revealing that resistance and yield can be achieved simultaneously. For instance, Deng et al. (2017) reported that the rice resistance genes PigmR and PigmS confer durable resistance to the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae without a yield decrease. Here, the OE lines of OsAP79 enhanced BPH resistance, but decreased PL and root length. Interestingly, the knockout lines of OsAP79 also had decreased PL and TN, but increased BPH susceptibility and root length. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the relationship between resistance and growth conferred by OsAP79 .