HPV types global distribution
HPV types have a global distribution, with varying prevalence rates in
different regions and populations. Here are some key points regarding
the global distribution of HPV types:
High-risk HPV types, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are responsible for
the majority of HPV-related cancers worldwide. These include cervical,
anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV-16 is the
most prevalent high-risk type and accounts for a significant proportion
of HPV-associated cancers globally.11,16,17,29
The prevalence of specific HPV types can vary across regions due to
factors such as geographical location, population demographics, cultural
practices, and healthcare infrastructure. For example, certain HPV types
may be more prevalent in regions with higher rates of cervical cancer,
such as sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Asia, and Latin America. In
contrast, other regions may have higher rates of HPV-associated
oropharyngeal cancers, such as North America and Western
Europe.3,13-17
Low-risk HPV types, such as HPV-6 and HPV-11, are commonly associated
with genital warts. The prevalence of specific low-risk types can also
vary geographically, but they are generally less frequently studied
compared to high-risk types due to their lower association with
cancer.3,12,16,29
HPV vaccination programs have been implemented in many countries to
prevent HPV infections and related diseases. The impact of vaccination
on HPV type distribution is influenced by several factors, including the
vaccine coverage rate, targeted HPV types, and vaccine efficacy. HPV
vaccines primarily target the most common high-risk types, including
HPV-16 and HPV-18. As vaccination programs continue to expand, the
distribution of HPV types may shift over
time.23,24,26,30-35
HPV-related diseases, particularly cervical cancer, pose a significant
global burden. Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related
mortality among women in many low- and middle-income countries. The
burden of HPV-associated diseases extends beyond cervical cancer to
include other HPV-related cancers and genital warts. Efforts to increase
HPV vaccination coverage and improve access to screening and treatment
services are crucial for reducing the global burden of HPV-related
diseases.12,16,29,36