HPV types global distribution
HPV types have a global distribution, with varying prevalence rates in different regions and populations. Here are some key points regarding the global distribution of HPV types:
High-risk HPV types, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, are responsible for the majority of HPV-related cancers worldwide. These include cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV-16 is the most prevalent high-risk type and accounts for a significant proportion of HPV-associated cancers globally.11,16,17,29
The prevalence of specific HPV types can vary across regions due to factors such as geographical location, population demographics, cultural practices, and healthcare infrastructure. For example, certain HPV types may be more prevalent in regions with higher rates of cervical cancer, such as sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Asia, and Latin America. In contrast, other regions may have higher rates of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers, such as North America and Western Europe.3,13-17
Low-risk HPV types, such as HPV-6 and HPV-11, are commonly associated with genital warts. The prevalence of specific low-risk types can also vary geographically, but they are generally less frequently studied compared to high-risk types due to their lower association with cancer.3,12,16,29
HPV vaccination programs have been implemented in many countries to prevent HPV infections and related diseases. The impact of vaccination on HPV type distribution is influenced by several factors, including the vaccine coverage rate, targeted HPV types, and vaccine efficacy. HPV vaccines primarily target the most common high-risk types, including HPV-16 and HPV-18. As vaccination programs continue to expand, the distribution of HPV types may shift over time.23,24,26,30-35
HPV-related diseases, particularly cervical cancer, pose a significant global burden. Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in many low- and middle-income countries. The burden of HPV-associated diseases extends beyond cervical cancer to include other HPV-related cancers and genital warts. Efforts to increase HPV vaccination coverage and improve access to screening and treatment services are crucial for reducing the global burden of HPV-related diseases.12,16,29,36