Home Range Size
To estimate the annual home ranges of bobcats and coyotes, we used
autocorrelated kernel density estimation (AKDE), as developed by Fleming
et al. (2015). We used the package ‘ctmm’ in Program R (Calabrese et al.
2016) to estimate home ranges. Home range sizes were calculated using
the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck with foraging (OUF) model using a 0.95 quantile.
In cases where AKDE estimation was not possible due to variogram
abnormalities, annual home ranges were generated using KDE (Worton
1989).
We used two-sample t-tests to identify within-species differences in
home range size, comparing differences in sex and study site (Laundré
and Keller 1984). We also used univariate regressions to evaluate how
the proportion of human modification in each home range (Kennedy et al.
2019) impacted home range size in both species. Intercept-only, linear,
and quadratic regressions were performed and compared using the Akaike
Information Criterion with correction for small sample size
(AICC) to determine the top regression model (Burnham
and Anderson 2002). We excluded transient individuals from the home
range analysis because they made long-distance movements and did not
establish home ranges during the tracking period.