Figure Legends
Figure 1. Study design.
The solid line indicates a causal
relationship. Direct causal relationships between variables that go
against the MR assumptions are shown by dashed lines. Assumption 1: The
genetic instruments used as instrumental variables (IVs) are associated
with exposure. Assumption 2: The IVs are not associated with any
confounders. Assumption 3: IVs are not directly related to the outcome,
and they influence the outcome only through exposure, not through any
alternative pathways. Abbreviation: MR, mendelian randomization; IVW,
inverse variance-weighted.