Patient Information:
A 40-year-old female presented with shortness of breath (New York Heart
Association class III), orthopnoea and bilateral lower limb oedema for
one year. Her symptoms affected her quality of life (American
Association of Anesthesia class IV). She was diagnosed with severe MV
regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and secondary severe tricuspid
valve (TV) regurgitation with normal left and right ventricular
function. She is hypertensive and suffers from chronic atrial
fibrillation. She takes warfarin.