Table 3 :Different varieties of FE diagnosis
Difficulties in obtaining adequate echocardiographic views were encountered in only 33 cases; twenty-five of them due to the anterior position of the fetal vertebral column obscuring the view, eight cases due to maternal obesity and one case due to inappropriate timing (late referral). Fetal cardiac abnormalities were detected in 175 fetuses (4%). Among them structural CHDs in 149 (3.4%), fetal arrhythmia in 17 (0.4%)cardiomyopathy in 3 (0.07%) fetuses and cardiac mass (Rhabdomyoma) in 6 fetuses (0.14%). Of the structural CHDs, maximum number of cases were large VSD, found in 24 (13.7%) cases. Small VSD found in 17 (9.7%) cases, TOF in 14(8%)cases. Whereas VSD and pulmonary atresia in 4 (2.2%) cases, TOF variant like TOF with absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) in 3(1.7%) cases. Complete AVSD and partial AVSD were found in 13(7.4%) and 2 (1%) cases respectively. Quite a large number,11 (6.3%) of cases of HLHS were found. Large ASD and CoA were found in 8 (4.6%) cases each. We found 6 (3.4%) cases each of TGA intact IVS, PA intact IVS and cardiac mass. Tricuspid atresia, mitral atresia was found in 7 (2.2%) and 2 (1%) cases respectively. DORV with VSD, DORV with VSD and PS, DORV with VSD and PA were found in 3 (1.7%).4(2.2%) and 1(0.5%) cases respectively. DCM were found in 3 (1.7%) cases. All other cases like Ebstain anomaly, endocardial-fibro-elastosis, CTGA were found in less than 1% cases each.
Of the fetal arrhythmias, 13 fetuses had premature atrial contraction, and 4 fetuses had congenital heart block