Introduction
Many ablation strategies and techniques have been proposed since pulmonary vein (PV) ostial isolation to eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF) triggers was introduced in 2000. Circumferential PV ablation, PV antrum isolation (PVAI),1 and extensive PV isolation (EPVI)2,3 have been performed widely as the principal procedures because they have attained high cure rates with an acceptable safety.3 Further, recently, some clinical trials have compared the effects of catheter ablation and rhythm control with medical therapy in patients with AF-associated heart failure (HF).