Outcomes and definitions
The primary endpoints were the rates of freedom from recurrent AF/atrial tachycardia (AT), stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were major complications such as pericardial effusion/tamponade, major bleeding requiring transfusion, permanent pacemaker implantation (PMI), PV stenosis, and acute coronary syndrome were secondary endpoints (ACS). Freedom from AF/AT recurrence was defined as no episode of AF, flutter or tachycardia ≥30 s in duration after a 1- or 3-month blanking period off of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). Stroke/TIA and all-cause mortality were defined as new stroke/TIA onset and death from any cause occurring during hospitalization or followup. Acute coronary syndrome was defined as a myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina. PV stenosis was defined as moderate to severe stenosis of PV or PV stenosis requiring therapeutic intervention.