Table2 Echocardipgraphy parameters of the patients with pre-capillary and post-capillary PH
Pre-capillary PH (n=39) Pre-capillary PH (n=39) Post-capillary PH (n=59) Post-capillary PH (n=59) P
Right heart chambers Right heart chambers Right heart chambers Right heart chambers
Pulmonary Artery (mm) Pulmonary Artery (mm) 28.26±5.0 28.26±5.0 27.15±5.63 27.15±5.63 0.452
RVFAC (%) RVFAC (%) 31.28±10.06 31.28±10.06 34.30±9.10 34.30±9.10 0.143
S’ tricuspid valve (cm/s) S’ tricuspid valve (cm/s) 13.00±3.65 13.00±3.65 12.32±3.17 12.32±3.17 0.359
PASP (mmHg) PASP (mmHg) 70.54±19.88 70.54±19.88 67.22±15.25 67.22±15.25 0.303
TRV (m/s) TRV (m/s) 3.84±0.58 3.84±0.58 3.74±0.48 3.74±0.48 0.245
PAMP (mmHg) PAMP (mmHg) 49.97±13.18 49.97±13.18 47.95±9.69 47.95±9.69 0.351
Right Atrial Area (cm²) Right Atrial Area (cm²) 17.72±4.72 17.72±4.72 18.86±6.38 18.86±6.38 0.793
TAPSE (mm) TAPSE (mm) 19.28±3.89 19.28±3.89 19.08±4.04 19.08±4.04 0.81
TAPSE_PASP TAPSE_PASP 0.30±0.10 0.30±0.10 0.30±0.09 0.30±0.09 0.82
Left Ventricular Left Ventricular
LVEDI (mm) LVEDI (mm) 28.80±5.89 28.80±5.89 35.06±6.33 35.06±6.33 <0.001
LVESI (mm) LVESI (mm) 17.95±4.79 17.95±4.79 24.74±7.29 24.74±7.29 <0.001
LVEF (%) LVEF (%) 68.90±7.07 68.90±7.07 55.31±15.50 55.31±15.50 <0.001
LVMI (g/m²) LVMI (g/m²) 83.51±39.74 83.51±39.74 128.10±49.81 128.10±49.81 <0.001
E/e’ E/e’ 9.32±3.14 9.32±3.14 20.59±10.55 20.59±10.55 <0.001
Left Atrial with 4D LAQ Left Atrial with 4D LAQ Left Atrial with 4D LAQ Left Atrial with 4D LAQ
LAVImax(mL/m²) LAVImax(mL/m²) 29.54±13.06 29.54±13.06 54.89±22.04 54.89±22.04 <0.001
LAVImin(mL/m²) LAVImin(mL/m²) 16.26±8.57 16.26±8.57 36.75±17.65 36.75±17.65 <0.001
LAVIpreA(ml/m²) LAVIpreA(ml/m²) 23.25±11.48 23.25±11.48 46.55±20.49 46.55±20.49 <0.001
DEI (%) DEI (%) 0.45±0.11 0.45±0.11 0.34±0.12 0.34±0.12 <0.001
PEI (%) PEI (%) 0.22±0.11 0.22±0.11 0.15±0.10 0.15±0.10 0.001
AEI (%) AEI (%) 0.30±0.12 0.30±0.12 0.21±0.11 0.21±0.11 0.001
LASr (%) LASr (%) 17.50±6.70 17.50±6.70 11.30±6.92 11.30±6.92 <0.001
LAScd(%) LAScd(%) -11.38±5.78 -11.38±5.78 -6.45±3.75 -6.45±3.75 <0.001
LASct (%) LASct (%) -8.50±3.71 -8.50±3.71 -7.0±4.42 -7.0±4.42 0.108
ePLAGS(m/s/%) ePLAGS(m/s/%) 0.28±0.19 0.28±0.19 0.52±0.40 0.52±0.40 0.001
RVFAC:right ventricular fractional of area change; TRV: the maximum velocity of Tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. PASP and PAMP: pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressure; LVEDI, LVESI and LVMI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of systole and diastole and left ventricular mass; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index). LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio. RVFAC:right ventricular fractional of area change; TRV: the maximum velocity of Tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. PASP and PAMP: pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressure; LVEDI, LVESI and LVMI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of systole and diastole and left ventricular mass; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index). LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio. RVFAC:right ventricular fractional of area change; TRV: the maximum velocity of Tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. PASP and PAMP: pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressure; LVEDI, LVESI and LVMI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of systole and diastole and left ventricular mass; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index). LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio. RVFAC:right ventricular fractional of area change; TRV: the maximum velocity of Tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. PASP and PAMP: pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressure; LVEDI, LVESI and LVMI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of systole and diastole and left ventricular mass; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index). LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio. RVFAC:right ventricular fractional of area change; TRV: the maximum velocity of Tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. PASP and PAMP: pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressure; LVEDI, LVESI and LVMI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of systole and diastole and left ventricular mass; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index). LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio. RVFAC:right ventricular fractional of area change; TRV: the maximum velocity of Tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. PASP and PAMP: pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressure; LVEDI, LVESI and LVMI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of systole and diastole and left ventricular mass; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index). LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio. RVFAC:right ventricular fractional of area change; TRV: the maximum velocity of Tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. PASP and PAMP: pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressure; LVEDI, LVESI and LVMI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of systole and diastole and left ventricular mass; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index). LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio.
Table3 Univariate and multivariate modelling of parameters differentiatng pre-capillary from post-capillary PH Table3 Univariate and multivariate modelling of parameters differentiatng pre-capillary from post-capillary PH Table3 Univariate and multivariate modelling of parameters differentiatng pre-capillary from post-capillary PH Table3 Univariate and multivariate modelling of parameters differentiatng pre-capillary from post-capillary PH Table3 Univariate and multivariate modelling of parameters differentiatng pre-capillary from post-capillary PH Table3 Univariate and multivariate modelling of parameters differentiatng pre-capillary from post-capillary PH Table3 Univariate and multivariate modelling of parameters differentiatng pre-capillary from post-capillary PH
Variable Univariate analysis: OR (95% CI) Univariate analysis: OR (95% CI) P P Multivariate analysis:OR (95% CI) Multivariate analysis:OR (95% CI)
LAVImin 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) <0.001 <0.001
LAVImax 1.11 (1.05, 1.16) 1.11 (1.05, 1.16) <0.001 <0.001 1.40 (1.05, 1.87) 1.40 (1.05, 1.87)
LAVIpreA 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) <0.001 <0.001 0.72 (0.51, 1.01) 0.72 (0.51, 1.01)
LASr 0.88 (0.82, 0.96) 0.88 (0.82, 0.96) 0.001 0.001
LAScd 1.24 (1.08, 1.42) 1.24 (1.08, 1.42) <0.001 <0.001 1.76 (1.18, 2.49) 1.76 (1.18, 2.49)
LASct 1.31 (0.13, 6.60) 1.31 (0.13, 6.60) 0.273 0.273
ePLAGS 38.06 (2.68, 539.68) 38.06 (2.68, 539.68) 0.007 0.007
DEI 0.005(0.000, 0.333) 0.005(0.000, 0.333) <0.001 <0.001
PEI 0.05 (0.01, 0.39) 0.05 (0.01, 0.39) 0.014 0.014
AEI 0.002 (0.00, 0.101) 0.002 (0.00, 0.101) 0.02 0.02
LVEDI 1.19 (1.09, 1.29) 1.19 (1.09, 1.29) <0.001 <0.001
LVEF 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) <0.001 <0.001
LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index); LVEDI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index); LVEDI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index); LVEDI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index); LVEDI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index); LVEDI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index); LVEDI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA: The indices of left atrial maximum volume, minimum volume and volume at pre-ejection; LASr, LAScd and LASct: LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain; ePLAGS: the echocardiographic pulmonary to LA global strain ratio; DEI: LA storage function (diastolic ejection index); PEI: LA channel function (passive ejection index); AEI: LA active systolic function (active ejection index); LVEDI: index of the left ventricular diameters at the end of diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.