Study quality assessment
We assessed the quality of post-hoc analysis RCTs or observational cohorts by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool. This tool had three domains with a total of nine points: the selection of cohorts (0-4 points), the comparability of cohorts (0-2 points), and the assessment of the outcome (0-3 points). In this meta-analysis, the NOS of ≥6 and <6 points were moderate-to-high quality and low quality, respectively.