Primary outcomes
As shown in Figure 3 , the use of NOACs compared with VKAs was significantly associated with reduced risks of SSE in AF patients with moderate polypharmacy (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.69–0.86]) and severe polypharmacy (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69–0.82]). As presented inFigure 4 , there was no significant difference in major bleeding (moderate polypharmacy: HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.74–1.01]; severe polypharmacy: HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.79–1.06]) between the two groups.