Physical examination and bone age (BA) assessment
Height was measured to the nearest of 0.1 cm using a stadiometer. Body weight was measured by a calibrated electronic scale to the nearest of 0.1 kg. Participants’ height and weight z-scores were calculated using the Thai standard growth chart. The BMI percentile was calculated using the WHO standard reference 2007.18 Tanner stage was rated by a pediatric endocrinologist (P.W.) or a trained physician (A.R.). Bone age (BA) was rated using the Greulich and Pyle method by P.W.