Characteristic Case (N=44) Control (N=44) P value
Demographics Demographics Demographics Demographics
Age (year) 37.9 (14.7) 37.9 (13.9) 0.994
Sex (Female) 23 (52.3%) 23 (52.3%) 1.000
Smoking 7 (15.9%) 6 (13.6%) 0.764
Alcohol consumption 1 (2.3%) 1 (2.3%) 1.000*
Body mass index (kg/m2) 27.0 (8.7) 25.3 (3.6) 0.251
Past medical history Past medical history Past medical history Past medical history
Diabetes mellitus 0 (0%) 0 (0%) -
Hypertension 7 (15.9%) 5 (11.4%) 0.534
Dyslipidemia 6 (13.6%) 9 (20.5%) 0.395
Coronary artery disease 1 (2.3%) 0 (0%) 1.000*
Hypothyroidism 4 (9.1%) 1 (2.3%) 0.360
Hyperthyroidism 1 (2.3%) 0 (0%) 1.000*
Medication history Medication history Medication history Medication history
Proton pump inhibitors 4 (9.1%) 2 (4.5%) 0.676*
H2 receptor blockers 1 (2.3%) 1 (2.3%) 1.000*
Metformin 1 (2.3%) 1 (2.3%) 1.000*
Oral contraceptive pills 1 (2.3%) 0 (0%) 1.000*
Family history Family history Family history Family history
Syncope 3 (6.8%) 0 (0%) 0.241*
Seizure 3 (6.8%) 1 (2.3%) 0.616*
Sudden death 2 (4.5%) 1 (2.3%) 1.000*
Syncopal history Syncopal history Syncopal history Syncopal history
Last year’s syncopal episodes -
1 14 (31.8%) -
2 8 (18.2%) -
3 3 (6.8%) -
>3 13 (29.5%) -
Lifetime syncopal episodes -
1 7 (15.9%) -
2 9 (20.5%) -
3 7 (15.9%) -
>3 21 (47.7%) -
Positive HUTT 17 (38.6%) - -
HUTT response -
Mixed 5 (29.4%) -
Cardioinhibition without asystole 1 (5.9%) -
Cardioinhibition with asystole 4 (23.5%) -
Vasodepressor 7 (41.2%) -