2.5 Ecological Characteristics of Water Hyacinth
Water hyacinth reproduces vegetatively through the formation of stolons,
and is also sexually propagated through seeds, which can survive in
water for six years making water hyacinth difficult to control. Under
suitable growth conditions, the number of water hyacinths can double in
one week (Tag EI-Din, 1992). A water hyacinth plant can produce 140
million ramets within one year, with a fresh weight of 28,000 tons
(Ogutu-Ohwayo, 1997). Water hyacinths are prevalent in eutrophic water
bodies and can form dense grass mats covering large areas of water.
Akinwande et al., studied the water hyacinth biomass in Nigerian
waters, which ranged from 28.8 to 33.2 t dry matter/(ha·year)
(Akinwande, 2013). The water hyacinth has a well-developed root system
and can absorb nutrients in the growing environment. Therefore, its
material composition is closely related to the growth environment.
Poddar et al., reported that water hyacinths growing in swamp
areas with a nitrogen content of 2.40 mg/L had a nitrogen content of
approximately 1.78%. (Poddar,
1991).